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(RM) 609546188
EXPERIMENTS WITH TORPEDO-SHELLS AT CHATHAM: EXPLOSION OF A 440-POUNDER, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: explosion of a 440-pounder, 1865. '...Mr. Donald M'Kay, the extensive shipowner, of Boston,...has undertaken to help in introducing the contrivance of Messrs. Wood and Beardslee to the Governments and public of Europe. Mr. Beardslee...had sunk a torpedo charged with 440 lb. of powder in the mud and sand off Gillingham Point, at the entrance to Chatham Harbour... A boat's crew was dispatched from the operator's barge to establish electrical communication with the sunken shell, which was to be fired through a length of two miles of wire. This preliminary completed and the train all ready for firing...in an instant there rose from the placid bosom of the river high into the air a huge column of water, in shape and action much resembling those great waterspouts occasionally witnessed by sailors in mid-ocean...The splendid volumes of snow-white feathery spray soared quickly to a height of little less than 200 ft., and then fell gently again in exquisitely graceful curves into the vortex whence they had risen, leaving no trace of themselves behind, save a slowly-expanding circle of bubbling, foaming water, the muddy, yeasty aspect of which showed that the river had been stirred to its lowest depths'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: explosion of a 440-pounder, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609546028
A VISIT TO PENN'S MARINE ENGINE FACTORY, AT GREENWICH:...GREAT CYLINDER FOR A...STEAM-ENGINE, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
A visit to Penn's Marine Engine Factory, at Greenwich: casting a great cylinder for a marine steam-engine, 1865. Illustration representing '...the molten metal being poured into the mould ...the mass of metal, while of immense magnitude, has to be cast with all the exactness and perfection that can be given to the smallest castings...The iron...is melted in several cupolas... and the molten iron runs through small canals into the foundry, where they empty themselves into two immense cauldrons...The pouring so large a mass of metal equally into the mould is a most important matter, and is executed by the principal founder, for irregularity or too quickly running the metal would not only spoil the casting, but might endanger the lives of those present. The operation...requires from twenty to thirty tons of iron to fill the mould...The scene during the few minutes occupied in filling the mould is particularly fine in effect; the hitherto dark foundry being suddenly lit up with the glare of the rivers of liquid iron running over the lips of the cauldrons... the bright glow of the molten iron, almost white in its intense heat, lights up the features and forms of the workmen and numerous visitors in a wondrous manner'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. A visit to Penn's Marine Engine Factory, at Greenwich:...great cylinder for a...steam-engine, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609544957
EXAMINING THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE, AFTER RAISING IT, ON BOARD THE GREAT EASTERN, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Examining the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, after raising it, on board the Great Eastern, 1865. Engraving from a sketch by Robert Dudley '...of the anxious group of men...handling and inspecting the cable...a fault in the electric insulation of the cable...[had been] detected, and a length of ten miles which had been submerged in the wake of the ship was picked up again to examine where the fault lay; it was then found that a tiny piece of loose iron wire had forced its way through the outer covering and the gutta-percha surrounding the electric wire, so as to come in contact with the latter; and, when this piece was cut out and a new splice made, the fault was effectually cured...the final examination...was made by a series of electrical tests. Slowly but surely the defective portion of the cable was reached and cut out. A very painful discovery...was then made...It was impossible to resist the irritating and sorrowful conviction that such an injury was the work of some hired cable assassin or some purposeless malefactor...the names of the gentlemen who performed this voluntary service were Mr. Cyrus Field, Captain Moriarty, Professor Thomson, Mr. Varley, Mr. R. Dudley, Mr. H. O'Neil, A.R.A., Mr. Gooch, M.P., and M. Jules Despecher'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Examining the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, after raising it, on board the Great Eastern, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609544933
LAYING OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE: SIR ROBERT PEEL ADDRESSING BYSTANDERS...AT VALENCIA, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: Sir Robert Peel addressing the bystanders after the taking of the shore end of the cable to the Telegraph House at Valencia, 1865. Engraving from a sketch by Robert Dudley, showing '...Sir Robert Peel, Chief Secretary to the Government of Ireland, and Lord John Hay...as well as Mr. Glass, the managing director of the Telegraph Construction Company (and manufacturer of the main length of cable)...The end of the cable was taken up by Mr. Glass and handed to Sir Robert, who passed it through a hole...in the building which forms...the station, where it was speedily connected with the batteries in the instrument-room. A signal was then interchanged with the Caroline, proving that the electric communication was perfect. Three cheers for the Queen were called for...and given with Irish warmth. The Knight of Kerry briefly addressed the large concourse of ladies and gentlemen, yeomen and peasantry...[and] expressed his gratification at this auspicious commencement of the work, and called for three cheers for the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, and...for Sir Robert Peel...[who] spoke, with his wonted energy, of the political, social, and commercial benefits which would be secured if the cable should prove successful'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: Sir Robert Peel addressing bystanders...at Valencia, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609544917
LAYING OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE: WATCHING THE CAROLINE GOING OUT TO SEA..., 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: watching the Caroline going out to sea with the shore end of the cable, 1865. Engraving from a sketch by Robert Dudley. '...the country people...[were] manifesting the keenest interest in the proceedings of the day...On shore, where a trench, 2 ft. deep, had been cut across the narrow beach and up the face of the cliff, to receive the cable, a hundred or more of the country people...were pulling and shouting in their Irish fashion, with the utmost enthusiasm...When the cable had been underran, hauled into the boats again, and the shore end really began to come on land, and was stowed away in gigantic circles at the foot of the cliff, the scene was one of extraordinary animation. Numbers of men were in the water up to their waists...easing the cable over the rocks, while along the steep path up the cliffs was a close row of figures, men and boys, of every rank, from the well-to-do farmer down to the poorest cottier, all pulling at the cable with a will...By twelve o'clock the cable was well up the groove which had been cut in the face of the cliff for its reception; and from this point the work of carrying its massive coils across the meadows to the Telegraph House beyond was soon accomplished'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: watching the Caroline going out to sea..., 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609544893
LAYING OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE: LANDING THE SHORE END OF THE CABLE...VALENCIA, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: landing the shore end of the cable from the Caroline at Foilhommerum, Valencia, 1865. Engraving from a sketch by Robert Dudley, showing '...the Caroline, which is in communication with the land by a lengthy floating bridge of boats...precipitous rocks rise nearly 300 ft. from the sea...On the highest pinnacle of the cliff, the country people had planted...improvised flags...the cable was passed literally from hand to hand from ship to shore...The appearance of this long row of boats was very striking, and they varied from the smart cutters of the ships and the trim gig of the coastguard to the ordinary fishing-boat of the coast...Numbers of men were in the water up to their waists or shoulders easing the cable over the rocks, while along the steep path up the cliffs was a close row of figures, men and boys...from the well-to-do farmer down to the poorest cottier, all pulling at the cable with a will...obeying...every signal made by Mr. Glass or Mr. Canning as to when to haul or slack away...By twelve o'clock the cable was well up the groove which had been cut in the face of the cliff...the work of carrying its massive coils across the meadows to the Telegraph House beyond was soon accomplished'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable: landing the shore end of the cable...Valencia, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609543768
THE INDO-EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH: ELPHINSTONE INLET, PERSIAN GULF, WITH A VIEW OF THE FORT, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The Indo-European Telegraph: Elphinstone Inlet, Persian Gulf, with a view of the Fort, 1865. From a sketch by Lieut. Hewett, commanding the gun-boat Clyde. 'The chief importance of the work was centred in the manufacture and laying of the enormous mass of cable, nearly 1500 miles in length...The first section from Gwadur to Mussendom, a barren promontory at the entrance to the Persian Gulf...was completed in the course of the month - a station being established upon an island in Elphinstone Inlet, long the resort of the piratical Arab craft which used to infest the Persian Gulf until it was placed in the charge of the Indian Navy, now the busy transmitting station of the telegraph to India...the inlet...extends in a winding course for ten miles from the entrance. On the island is the station, supplied with all the requirements of a first-class telegraph station, with the most improved telegraphic apparatus by Messrs. Siemens. There are, in addition, comfortable buildings for the signallers, who were selected here, as at other stations on the line, from among the best operators on the staff of the telegraph companies...public messages are being daily flashed between all parts of the civilized world and the chief cities of our Indian empire'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. The Indo-European Telegraph: Elphinstone Inlet, Persian Gulf, with a view of the Fort, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609543763
THE INDO-EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH: LANDING THE CABLE IN THE MUD AT FAO, PERSIAN GULF, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The Indo-European Telegraph: Landing The Cable in the mud at Fao, Persian Gulf, 1865. 'When some four miles of cable had been paid out, and the boats were about one mile from the semi-fluid bank dignified by the name of shore, the boats grounded. Though there was very little depth of water, there was a great depth of mud of the consistency of cream. There was no use in hesitating; the cable must be landed at any risk; so Sir Charles Bright, to set an example to his staff and the men, was the first to get out of the boat and stand up to his waist in the mud - an example which was followed by all the officers and men, upwards of one hundred in number, who were all soon wallowing in the soft yielding ooze up to their chests, but still dragging the end of cable with them. The progress through such a material was necessarily slow: half-swimming, half-wading, it was impossible to rest for a moment without hopelessly sinking below the surface; yet no one thought of abandoning the cable...it was nearly dark before the last of the party reached the shore. All were grimed with mud, and nineteen out of twenty were nearly naked, having lost or abandoned almost every article of clothing in the struggle to reach the land. But...the cable had been landed'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. The Indo-European Telegraph: Landing The Cable in the mud at Fao, Persian Gulf, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609543758
THE INDO-EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH: MUSSENDOM STATION, ELPHINSTONE INLET, PERSIAN GULF, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The Indo-European Telegraph: Mussendom Station, Elphinstone Inlet, Persian Gulf, 1865. From a sketch by Lieut. Hewett, of the gun-boat Clyde. 'The chief importance of the work was centred in the manufacture and laying of the enormous mass of cable, nearly 1500 miles in length, and weighing upwards of 5000 tons, which was constructed under the careful supervision of the engineers, at the works of the Gutta-Percha Company...the laying of the cable...commenced at Gwadur...under the superintendence of Sir Charles Bright...The first section from Gwadur to Mussendom, a barren promontory at the entrance to the Persian Gulf...was completed in the course of the month - a station being established upon an island in Elphinstone Inlet, long the resort of the piratical Arab craft which used to infest the Persian Gulf until it was placed in the charge of the Indian Navy, now the busy transmitting station of the telegraph to India...On the 25th of March, the section between Mussendom and Bushire was completed, and on the 5th of April the communication between Kurrachee [Karachi] and the head of the gulf at Fao...was finally established...messages are being daily flashed between all parts of the civilized world and the chief cities of our Indian empire'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. The Indo-European Telegraph: Mussendom Station, Elphinstone Inlet, Persian Gulf, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609542823
THE AGINCOURT TARGET, EXPERIMENTED ON BY THE MACKAY GUN, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The Agincourt Target, experimented on by the Mackay Gun, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. J. Wilson of tests on '...the gun invented by Mr. James Mackay...and manufactured by the Mersey Steel and Ironworks Company. It has been tried at various ranges against a target similar to the sides of the iron-clad steamer Agincourt...[The] gun is of wrought iron, weighs nine tons, has a bore of 8'12 inches...The target consisted of an outer plate, 7 ft. square and 5½ in. thick, of rolled iron; next came 9 in. of teak, then an inner plate or skin three fourths of an inch thick, then angle iron and ribbing, and finally a backing up with timber balks and supports 18 in. thick. The plates, also made by the Mersey Steel and Iron Co., were the best that can be made of rolled iron... In the centre of the target was a 9-in, bull's-eye, and a centre ring about 3ft. in diameter. On the right upper corner of this centre the ball had penetrated about 2 ft. 5 in. from the right edge, and 6 in. from the bottom edge of the upper plate. There was a displacement...to the right, of about 2½ in.; and this, together with the fearful damage occasioned to the angle-iron, teak backing, and supports, rendered the target perfectly useless for further experiments'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Agincourt Target, experimented on by the Mackay Gun, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609541158
THE WAR IN DENMARK: THE ROLF KRAKE, DANISH...GUN-BOAT...ENGAGING THE PRUSSIANS BEFORE DUEPPEL, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The War in Denmark from a sketch by our special artist with the allied German armies: the Rolf Krake, Danish iron-plated gun-boat, in the Venning Bund, engaging the Prussians before Dueppel, 1864. View of the '...Rolf Krake, as she anchored in the creek or inlet of the Venning Bund, and opened fire upon the Prussians when they were attempting to storm the redoubts of Dueppel...The Danish gun-boat is seen lying with her prow towards the mouth of the inlet, ready to slip her anchor and run out into the open sea, if the fire from the Broagerland batteries should become too hot for her...the Rolf Krake was fired at during an hour and a half by three different batteries, containing altogether fifteen or sixteen guns, most of them 24-pounder rifled guns. Although the Rolf Krake was hit about a hundred and fifty times by shot, shell, and shrapnel, besides an Immense number of rifle bullets; and although her rigging, bulwarks, funnel, and boats were a great deal cut up, yet, after the action, the hull, machinery, turrets, and guns were in perfect fighting order; and only three men had been slightly wounded...This is the only European iron-clad vessel that has been tested in actual warfare'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The War in Denmark: the Rolf Krake, Danish...gun-boat...engaging the Prussians before Dueppel, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609540597
RACE IN THE CHANNEL BETWEEN THE ATALANTA TWIN-SCREW STEAMER AND THE DOVER MAIL-PACKET EMPRESS, 1864. CREATOR: SMYTH.
Race in the Channel between the Atalanta twin-screw steamer and the Dover mail-packet Empress, 1864. 'The Atalanta...has a pair of screw propellers instead of a single one. There are two engines, independent of each other, each being of 100-horse power. The success of the double-screw principle, which has been already partially adopted by the Admiralty, is no longer a matter of doubt...she crossed over from Calais to Dover, so as to steam back...in company with the Empress, which was appointed to leave with the mail from Dover at 9.30. At forty-five minutes past nine the Empress came out and, the Atalanta having been placed in position as nearly as possible abreast of her, the race across commenced. From the time of starting, the result was never for a moment in doubt. The Empress, pitching her bows into the sea as she got clear of the land, was evidently making hard work of it, and fast dropping astern of the Atalanta, which, without throwing a drop of spray over her deck, was making her way in splendid style and improving her position with every fresh puff of wind and roll of the sea...Calais was reached in 77 minutes by the Atalanta, but the Empress took 107 minutes - being half an hour behind the double screw'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Race in the Channel between the Atalanta twin-screw steamer and the Dover mail-packet Empress, 1864. Creator: Smyth. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609540313
ARMOUR-CLAD FRIGATE BUILT IN THE CLYDE FOR THE DANISH GOVERNMENT, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Armour-clad frigate built in the Clyde for the Danish government, 1864. Ship built by Messrs J. and G. Thomson. 'Her length is 280 ft., her tonnage 3500 tons register, and her engines of 500-horse power. She is the first armour-clad vessel that has been launched with all her armour-plates on. Having been designed for use as a "ram," her bows are formed so as to project like a swan's breast about the water-line, where she would strike an enemy...Her frame is enormously strong...Internally the structure is fortified by the numerous iron partitions, and by the wrought-iron beams on which the decks are supported - the main and upper decks being themselves of iron. The armour-plates along the whole length of the ship are 4½in. thick, on a teak backing and inner iron skin...Both the bows and stem are so shaped that a shot would glance off without doing any damage. They are separated, however, by waterproof and shotproof partitions, from the middle part of the ship; so that, even if the bows and stem were destroyed, the fighting-deck would remain intact, and the crew, defended by these partitions, might remain at their guns...The armament will consist of twenty broadside guns on the main deck, and twenty on the upper deck'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Armour-clad frigate built in the Clyde for the Danish government, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
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