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SAINT JEROME AND THE BLESSED BARTOLO BUOMPEDONI OF SAN GIMIGNANO, 1464. CREATOR: BENOZZO GOZZOLI.

Saint Jerome and the blessed Bartolo Buompedoni of San Gimignano, 1464. Saint Jerome and the blessed Bartolo Buompedoni of San Gimignano, 1464. Creator: Benozzo Gozzoli. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN THE DESERT, UNKNOWN DATE. CREATOR: BARTOLOMEO MONTAGNA.

Saint Jerome in the Desert, unknown date. Saint Jerome in the Desert, unknown date. Creator: Bartolomeo Montagna. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE PENITENT SAINT JEROME, 1575. CREATOR: TITIAN.

The Penitent Saint Jerome, 1575. The Penitent Saint Jerome, 1575. Creator: Titian. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN PENITENCE, 1634. CREATOR: JUSEPE DE RIBERA.

Saint Jerome in penitence, 1634. Saint Jerome in penitence, 1634. Creator: Jusepe de Ribera. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN THE DESERT, 1450. CREATOR: MARCO ZOPPO.

Saint Jerome in the Desert, 1450. Saint Jerome in the Desert, 1450. Creator: Marco Zoppo. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PHILIP MELANCHTHON, 1540. CREATOR: HEINRICH ALDEGREVER.

Philip Melanchthon, 1540. Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) was a leading figure of the Protestant Reformation in Germany. His importance for the Reformation lay in the fact that he systematised Martin Luther's ideas, defended them in public, and made them the basis of a religious education. Philip Melanchthon, 1540. Creator: Heinrich Aldegrever. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

REV. G. K. A. BELL (DEAN OF CANTERBURY), BETWEEN C1910 AND C1915. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Rev. G. K. A. Bell (Dean of Canterbury), between c1910 and c1915. Rev. G. K. A. Bell (Dean of Canterbury), between c1910 and c1915. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT PAUL, 1585. CREATOR: TIBALDI, PELLEGRINO (1527-1596).

Saint Paul, 1585. Private Collection Saint Paul, 1585. Creator: Tibaldi, Pellegrino (1527-1596). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

SAINT PETER, C.1350. CREATOR: MASTER OF THE MADONNA OF THE PALAZZO VENEZIA (ACTIVE 1340-1360).

Saint Peter, c.1350. Found in the Collection of the Nationale Galerie, London. Saint Peter, c.1350. Creator: Master of the Madonna of the Palazzo Venezia (active 1340-1360). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

MADONNA AND CHILD WITH THE INFANT SAINT JOHN AND ANGELS (TABERNACLE), 1459. CREATOR: PSEUDO PIER FRANCESCO FIORENTINO.

Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John and Angels (Tabernacle), 1459. Found in the Collection of the Gallerie degli Uffizi, Florenz. Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John and Angels (Tabernacle), 1459. Creator: Pseudo Pier Francesco Fiorentino. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE BIRTH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1675. CREATOR: BRICCI, PLAUTILLA (1616-1705).

The birth of John the Baptist, 1675. Found in the Collection of the Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, Poggio Mirteto. The birth of John the Baptist, 1675. Creator: Bricci, Plautilla (1616-1705). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE BEHEADING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1675. CREATOR: BRICCI, PLAUTILLA (1616-1705).

The beheading of John the Baptist, 1675. Found in the Collection of the Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, Poggio Mirteto. The beheading of John the Baptist, 1675. Creator: Bricci, Plautilla (1616-1705). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST IN THE DESERT, 1558. CREATOR: BASSANO, JACOPO, IL VECCHIO (AROUND 1510-1592).

Saint John the Baptist in the desert, 1558. Found in the Collection of the Museo Civico, Bassano del Grappa. Saint John the Baptist in the desert, 1558. Creator: Bassano, Jacopo, il vecchio (around 1510-1592). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE BEHEADING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1553-1554. CREATOR: TIBALDI, PELLEGRINO (1527-1596).

The beheading of John the Baptist, 1553-1554. Found in the Collection of the Museo Pontificio Santa Casa, Loreto. The beheading of John the Baptist, 1553-1554. Creator: Tibaldi, Pellegrino (1527-1596). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE SERMON OF JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1553-1554. CREATOR: TIBALDI, PELLEGRINO (1527-1596).

The sermon of John the Baptist, 1553-1554. Found in the Collection of the Museo Pontificio Santa Casa, Loreto. The sermon of John the Baptist, 1553-1554. Creator: Tibaldi, Pellegrino (1527-1596). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

MADONNA AND CHILD WITH THE INFANT SAINT JOHN, FIRST HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY. CREATOR: FOSCHI, PIER FRANCESCO DI JACOPO (1502-1567).

Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John, First half of the 16th century. Found in the Collection of the Galleria Nazionale di Palazzo Spinola, Genova. Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John, First half of the 16th century. Creator: Foschi, Pier Francesco di Jacopo (1502-1567). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE MEETING OF SAINT FRANCIS WITH SAINT DOMINIC, C.1665. CREATOR: PRETI, MATTIA (1613-1699).

The meeting of Saint Francis with Saint Dominic, c.1665. Found in the Collection of the Galleria Nazionale di Palazzo Spinola, Genova. The meeting of Saint Francis with Saint Dominic, c.1665. Creator: Preti, Mattia (1613-1699). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

VIRGIN AND CHILD WITH THE INFANT SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1490-1500. CREATOR: BOTTICELLI, SANDRO (1445-1510).

Virgin and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist, 1490-1500. Found in the Collection of the Museu de Arte de São Paulo. Virgin and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist, 1490-1500. Creator: Botticelli, Sandro (1445-1510). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE LATE REV. THOMAS HARTWELL HORNE, 1862. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The late Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, 1862. Engraving from a photograph by Maull and Polyblank. 'The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, B.D., Prebendary of St. Paul's, and for the last twenty-nine years Rector of the united parishes of St. Edmund the King and St. Nicholas Acons, London, was ordained in 1819 by the then Bishop of London, Dr. Howley, to whose notice Mr. Horne had been brought by his well-known and highly valuable work, "An Introduction to the Critical Study of the Holy Scriptures." It was, indeed, at the Bishop's advice that Mr. Horne went into the Church. Previous to this Mr. Home was devoting himself to literary pursuits, and he held for many years an appointment in the British Museum. After his ordination he performed clerical duties in the metropolis, principally at St. James's Church, Westmoreland-street, Marylebone. His friend Dr. Howley, when Archbishop of Canterbury, presented Mr. Horne to the rectory of St. Edmund the King. Mr. Home died in his eighty-second year, at his house, 47, Bloomsbury-square, on the 27th ult. Mr. Home was the author and editor of many works in various branches of literature, which he cultivated with great assiduity and success'. From "Illustrated London News", 1862. The late Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, 1862. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ALEKSEI STEPANOVICH KHOMIAKOV, HEAD-AND-SHOULDERS PORTRAIT, FACING..., BETWEEN 1880 AND 1886. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Aleksei Stepanovich Khomiakov, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right, between 1880 and 1886. Aleksei Stepanovich Khomiakov, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing..., between 1880 and 1886. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

DER PAPST UND DER SULTAN ALS DÄMONEN / M. GERUNG, UM 1546

Religion / Karikatur..Antikatholisch / Reformationszeit..."Der Papst und der Sultan als Dämonen ziehen ihre Anhänger in die Hölle"...(Papst und Sultan, zu erkennen an Tiara und Turban, in Dämonengestalt halten ihre Anhänger (Klerus und Musline)in der Hölle, an Ketten, die aus ihren Schlünden wachsen; oben Christus als Weltenrichter mit Gottvater und Taube des hl. Geistes; Teil einer unvollendeten Serie von Holzschnitten zur Apokalypse, entstanden im Auftrag Ottheinrichs (1502-59), der 1542 zum Protestantismus konvertiert war und die Reformation in seinem Fürstentum Pfalz-Neuburg eingeführt hatte (Neuburger Reformationsmandat)...Holzschnitt, um 1546, von Matthias Gerung (1500–1570)..20,4 x 16,9 cm..Inv.-Nr. 1895,0122.45.Department of Prints and Drawings,.London, British Museum. (KEYSTONE/akg-images/akg-images)

SAINT JEROME IN HIS STUDY (IMAGE 1 OF 2), 1514.

Saint Jerome in his Study (image 1 of 2), 1514. Creator: Albrecht Durer. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN PENITENCE, 1468. SAINT JEROME, BEST KNOWN IN HISTORY AS A SCHOLAR WHO MADE A TRANSLATION OF PARTS OF THE BIBLE INTO A STANDARD LATIN THAT HAD A LONG-LASTING IMPACT ON ITS INTERPRETATION, MAY ALSO BE REPRESENTED AS A PENITENT WHO SPENT FOUR

Saint Jerome in Penitence, 1468. Creator: Marco Zoppo. Saint Jerome in Penitence, 1468. Saint Jerome, best known in history as a scholar who made a translation of parts of the bible into a standard Latin that had a long-lasting impact on its interpretation, may also be represented as a penitent who spent four years in the Syrian desert as a hermit. To expel lascivious thoughts of young women, he beat his breast, and he grew spiritually strong through long hours of study. Though the saint is usually represented in his desert retreat, here he is shown in timeless isolation.The mantel he draps around him is a wonder of rhythmic folds that fall naturalistically yet in an intriguing pattern.This panel, together with other half-length depictions of saints, was made in 1468 for an altarpiece in the church of Santa Giustina in Venice. There is another panel from the altarpiece in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINTS AUGUSTINE, JEROME AND GREGORY THE GREAT, 1533. THIS PANEL DEPICTING SAINTS AUGUSTINE, JEROME AND GREGORY THE GREAT, ALL OF WHOM WERE ESTEEMED AS DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH AND GREAT THEOLOGIANS, WAS ORIGINALLY PART OF A LARGE, MULTI-PANELED ALTARPIECE P

Saints Augustine, Jerome and Gregory the Great, 1533. Creator: Marco Cardisco. Saints Augustine, Jerome and Gregory the Great, 1533. This panel depicting Saints Augustine, Jerome and Gregory the Great, all of whom were esteemed as Doctors of the Church and great theologians, was originally part of a large, multi-paneled altarpiece painted in 1533 for the church of Sant'Agostino alla Zecca in Naples. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JOHN THE THEOLOGIAN DICTATES HIS GOSPEL TO PROCHOROS, 1475-1525 (?) OR 19TH CENTURY.

Saint John the Theologian dictates his Gospel to Prochoros, 1475-1525 (?) or 19th century. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN THE WILDERNESS, C1620-1630. THE THEOLOGIAN ST. JEROME (CA. 340-420) IS SHOWN MEDITATING ON THE CROSS OF CHRIST DURING HIS FOUR YEARS OF PENITENCE IN THE SYRIAN DESERT WHEN HE WAS IN HIS 30S. HOWEVER, HIS GREAT SERVICE TO THE CHURCH WAS HIS

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness, c1620-1630. Creator: Angelo Caroselli. Saint Jerome in the Wilderness, c1620-1630. The theologian St. Jerome (ca. 340-420) is shown meditating on the cross of Christ during his four years of penitence in the Syrian desert when he was in his 30s. However, his great service to the Church was his translation of the Bible, made when he was much older, when he was also said to have tamed a wild lion who became his companion. Artists often combined these compelling images. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE WATTS MEMORIAL STATUE AT SOUTHAMPTON, 1861. 'A HANDSOME WORK OF ART HAS BEEN ERECTED IN THE PUBLIC PARK AT SOUTHAMPTON TO THE MEMORY OF DR. ISAAC WATTS, WHO WAS A NATIVE OF THAT TOWN, AND WEDNESDAY WEEK, BEING AN ANNIVERSARY (THE 187TH) OF THE POET'S

The Watts Memorial Statue at Southampton, 1861. Creator: Unknown. The Watts Memorial Statue at Southampton, 1861. 'A handsome work of art has been erected in the public park at Southampton to the memory of Dr. Isaac Watts, who was a native of that town, and Wednesday week, being an anniversary (the 187th) of the poet's birthday, was appropriately chosen for its inauguration...The statue [by Richard Cockle Lucas]...is of the finest white Sicilian marble. There are three basso-relievos, also in Sicilian marble...One of them, in the front, represents Dr. Watts as a teacher of the young, surrounded by a group of children, who are repeating to him their first lessons, and under which is inscribed the following words: "He gave to lisping infancy its earliest and purest lessons;" another, on one side, represents him as a philosopher, with the following quotation from Dr. Johnson, in his life of Dr. Watts, inscribed beneath: "He taught the art of reasoning and the science of the stars;" while a third, on the other side, represents him as a youthful poet with upturned look, under which are placed the following appropriate lines from one of his own hymns: 'To heaven I lift my waiting eyes, There all my hopes are laid'. The pedestal is of the finest polished grey granite, and has been executed by Macdonald and Co., of Edinburgh'. From "Illustrated London News", 1861. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

SAINT JEROME IN HIS STUDY, C1530. ST. JEROME (CA. 341-420 CE), THE GREATEST CHRISTIAN SCHOLAR OF THE CLASSICS, IS REVERED FOR HIS TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE FROM THE ORIGINAL GREEK AND HEBREW INTO LATIN. HE COMPLETED IT IN A MONASTERY IN PALESTINE, WHICH TH

Saint Jerome in His Study, c1530. Creator: Pieter Coecke van Aelst. Saint Jerome in His Study, c1530. St. Jerome (ca. 341-420 CE), the greatest Christian scholar of the classics, is revered for his translation of the Bible from the original Greek and Hebrew into Latin. He completed it in a monastery in Palestine, which the artist has suggested in the view through the window by adding camels to an otherwise Flemish landscape. The admonition that Jerome has fixed to the wall, "Cogita Mori" (Think upon death), is made explicit by the skull. His Bible is open to an image of the Last Judgment, while the hourglass and candle, objects commonly found on a desk, are further reminders of the passage of time and the imminence of death. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SAINT JEROME IN HIS STUDY, 1451. SAINT JEROME (CA. 347-420 CE) WAS ONE OF THE FOUR LATIN FATHERS OF THE CHURCH (THE OTHERS BEING SAINT AUGUSTINE, AMBROSE, AND GREGORY THE GREAT) AND RENOWNED FOR HIS LEARNING, DISTILLED IN HIS TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE INTO

Saint Jerome in His Study, 1451. Creator: Antonio da Fabriano II. Saint Jerome in His Study, 1451. Saint Jerome (ca. 347-420 CE) was one of the four Latin Fathers of the Church (the others being Saint Augustine, Ambrose, and Gregory the Great) and renowned for his learning, distilled in his translation of the Bible into Latin. The image of the saint in his study was popular during the 1400s, especially with scholars and men of the Church. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF PHILIP MELANCTHON, 1540.

Portrait of Philip Melancthon, 1540. Creator: Heinrich Aldegrever. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

JOHANNES WICLEF, 18TH CENTURY.

Johannes Wiclef, 18th century. Creator: Johann Simon Negges. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THEOLOGY PROFESSOR CARL GEORG ROGBERG (1789-1834), EARLY 19TH CENTURY.

Theology professor Carl Georg Rogberg (1789-1834), early 19th century. Theology professor Carl Georg Rogberg (1789-1834), early 19th century. Creator: Johan Adolf Seven. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE FOUR FATHERS OF THE LATIN CHURCH, UNKNOWN DATE.

The Four Fathers of the Latin Church, Unknown date. The Four Fathers of the Latin Church. Creators: Jacob Jordaens, Workshop of Jacob Jordaens. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE THEOLOGIAN IGNAZ VON DOELLINGER, 1883.

The Theologian Ignaz von Doellinger, 1883. The Theologian Ignaz von Doellinger, 1883. Creator: Franz von Lenbach. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE BETWEEN OLAUS PETRI AND PEDER GALLE, 1883.

Religious Discourse between Olaus Petri and Peder Galle, 1883. Religious Discourse between Olaus Petri and Peder Galle, 1883. Creator: Carl Gustaf Hellqvist. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

JOHAN MICHAEL FANT, 1735-1813, 1780.

Johan Michael Fant, 1735-1813, 1780. Johan Michael Fant, 1735-1813, 1780. Creator: Ulrika Fredrika Pasch. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546), 1527.

Martin Luther (1483-1546), 1527. Martin Luther (1483-1546), 1527. Creator: Lucas Cranach the Elder. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

JOHANNES GEZELIUS THE YOUNGER, 1647-1718, BISHOP, C18TH CENTURY.

Johannes Gezelius the Younger, 1647-1718, bishop, c18th century. Johannes Gezelius the Younger, 1647-1718, bishop, c18th century. Creator: Helena Arnell. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

JOHAN ELAI TERSERUS, 1605-1678, BISHOP, C17TH CENTURY.

Johan Elai Terserus, 1605-1678, bishop, c17th century. Johan Elai Terserus, 1605-1678, bishop, c17th century. Creator: David Klocker Ehrenstrahl. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GERHARD JOHAN VOSSIUS, 1577-1649, C17TH CENTURY.

Gerhard Johan Vossius, 1577-1649, c17th century. Gerhard Johan Vossius, 1577-1649, c17th century. Creator: Anon. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE FOUR CHURCH FATHERS DISCUSS THE LORD'S SUPPER.

The four church fathers discuss the Lord's Supper. The four church fathers discuss the Lord's Supper. Creator: Pieter de Grebber. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

FÉNÉLON RETURNS A STOLEN COW TO A PEASANT, C19TH CENTURY.

Fénélon returns a Stolen Cow to a Peasant, c19th century. Fénélon returns a Stolen Cow to a Peasant, c19th century. Creator: Louis Hersent. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ERIK BENZELIUS D.Y.1675-1743, EARLY-MID 18TH CENTURY.

Erik Benzelius d.y.1675-1743, early-mid 18th century. Erik Benzelius d.y.1675-1743, early-mid 18th century. Creator: Johan Henrik Scheffel. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PHILIPP MELANCHTHON, LEADING FIGURE OF THE REFORMATION, 1540-1560.

Philipp Melanchthon, Leading Figure of the Reformation, 1540-1560. Philipp Melanchthon, Leading Figure of the Reformation, 1540-1560. Creator: Workshop of Lucas Cranach the Elder. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

AUGUSTINE SACRIFICING TO AN IDOL OF THE MANICHAEANS (?), C.1480.

Augustine Sacrificing to an Idol of the Manichaeans (?), c.1480. Augustine Sacrificing to an Idol of the Manichaeans (?), c.1480. Creator: Aert van den Bossche. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

HUGO DE GROOT WHEN YOUNG, 1710-1719. PORTRAIT OF HUGO GROTIUS, DUTCH HUMANIST, DIPLOMAT, LAWYER, THEOLOGIAN, JURIST, STATESMAN, POET, PLAYWRIGHT AND TEENAGE PRODIGY (1583-1645).

Hugo de Groot when young, 1710-1719. Portrait of Hugo Grotius, Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian, jurist, statesman, poet, playwright and teenage prodigy (1583-1645). Hugo de Groot when young, 1710-1719. Creator: Arnoud van Halen. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF BALTHASAR BEKKER, CLERGYMAN AND MAN OF LETTERS IN AMSTERDAM, 1700-1732.

Portrait of Balthasar Bekker, Clergyman and Man of Letters in Amsterdam, 1700-1732. Portrait of Balthasar Bekker, Clergyman and Man of Letters in Amsterdam, 1700-1732. Creator: Arnoud van Halen. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF JOHANNES POLYANDER À KERCKHOVEN, PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY IN LEIDEN, 1700-1732.

Portrait of Johannes Polyander à Kerckhoven, Professor of Theology in Leiden, 1700-1732. Portrait of Johannes Polyander à Kerckhoven, Professor of Theology in Leiden, 1700-1732. Creator: Arnoud van Halen. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF A MAN, PROBABLY A CLERGYMAN, 1650. OTHER TITLE(S): JACOBUS TRIGLAND (1583-1654). THEOLOGIAN. COPY AFTER ANTHONIE PALAMEDESZ.

Portrait of a Man, probably a Clergyman, 1650. Other Title(s): Jacobus Trigland (1583-1654). Theologian. Copy after Anthonie Palamedesz. Portrait of a Man, probably a Clergyman, 1650. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF A MAN, PERHAPS PETRUS AUGUSTUS DE GENESTET (1829-1861), 1830-1860. ATTRIBUTED TO NICOLAAS PIENEMAN.

Portrait of a Man, perhaps Petrus Augustus de Genestet (1829-1861), 1830-1860. Attributed to Nicolaas Pieneman. Portrait of a Man, perhaps Petrus Augustus de Genestet (1829-1861), 1830-1860. Creator: Nicolaas Pieneman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GIJSBERTUS JOHANNES ROOYENS (1785-1846), PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY AND CHURCH HISTORY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM, 1828.

Gijsbertus Johannes Rooyens (1785-1846), Professor of Theology and Church History at the University of Amsterdam, 1828. Gijsbertus Johannes Rooyens (1785-1846), Professor of Theology and Church History at the University Creator: Jan Adam Kruseman. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF ANTHONY DE WALE (1573-1639), 1636. ANTONIUS WALAEUS (ANTHONY DE WALE) HAILED FROM GHENT.HE BECAME A MINISTER IN KOUDEKERKE NEAR MIDDELBURG IN 1602 AND, IN 1605, IN MIDDELBURG ITSELF. WALAEUS ALSO TAUGHT THEOLOGY AT THE MIDDELBURG LATIN SCHOOL.

Portrait of Anthony de Wale (1573-1639), 1636. Antonius Walaeus (Anthony de Wale) hailed from Ghent.He became a minister in Koudekerke near Middelburg in 1602 and, in 1605, in Middelburg itself. Walaeus also taught theology at the Middelburg Latin School. A Counter-Remonstrant, Walaeus was Prince Maurits’s court chaplain for a brief period in 1617, and in 1618-19 he attended the Synod of Dordrecht. He edited the final draft of the Canons of Dordt and later worked on the new Bible translation the synod had resolved to provide. The victory of the Counter-Remonstrants at the Synod of Dordrecht also resulted in the removal of Remonstrant professors from the theological department of Leiden University. In 1619, Walaeus was appointed to one of the vacated chairs and spent the next 20 years at the university, serving as rector magnificus between February 1625 and February 1627, and from February 1639 until his death in August of that year. Among his works is the Synopsis theologiae purioris (Synopsis of purer theology), which he co-authored with his fellow theologians at Leiden, and which formed the guidelines for the Counter-Remonstrant movement. Portrait of Anthony de Wale (1573-1639), 1636. Creator: David Bailly. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF HADRIAAN BEVERLAND WITH A PROSTITUTE, C.1676. OTHER TITLE(S): ADRIAAN VAN BEVERLAND, WRITER OF THEOLOGICAL WORKS AND SATIRIST, WITH A PROSTITUTE.

Portrait of Hadriaan Beverland with a Prostitute, c.1676. Other Title(s): Adriaan van Beverland, Writer of Theological Works and Satirist, with a Prostitute. Portrait of Hadriaan Beverland with a Prostitute, c.1676. Creator: Ary de Vois. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF JAN AMOS COMENIUS, 1650-1670. OTHER TITLE(S): PORTRAIT OF JAN AMOS COMENIUS (KOMENSKY) (1592-1670). CZECH HUMANIST AND PEDAGOGUE. EXILED AS A LEADER OF THE MORAVIAN OR BOHEMIAN BRETHREN AND SETTLED IN AMSTERDAM IN 1656.

Portrait of Jan Amos Comenius, 1650-1670. Other Title(s): Portrait of Jan Amos Comenius (Komensky) (1592-1670). Czech humanist and pedagogue. Exiled as a leader of the Moravian or Bohemian Brethren and settled in Amsterdam in 1656. Portrait of Jan Amos Comenius, 1650-1670. Creator: Jurgen Ovens. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF JACOBUS ROLANDUS (1562-1632), IN OR AFTER 1632. OTHER TITLE(S): PORTRAIT OF JACOBUS ROLANDUS (1562-1632), COUNTER-REMONSTRANT MINISTER IN AMSTERDAM. COPY AFTER CORNELIS VAN DER VOORT.

Portrait of Jacobus Rolandus (1562-1632), in or after 1632. Other Title(s): Portrait of Jacobus Rolandus (1562-1632), Counter-Remonstrant Minister in Amsterdam. Copy after Cornelis van der Voort. Portrait of Jacobus Rolandus (1562-1632), in or after 1632. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF LUBBERT GERRITSZ (1535-1612), AFTER C.1607.

Portrait of Lubbert Gerritsz (1535-1612), after c.1607. Portrait of Lubbert Gerritsz (1535-1612), after c.1607. Creator: Workshop of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PORTRAIT OF HUGO DE GROOT (1583-1645), 1631. OTHER TITLE(S): PORTRAIT OF HUGO DE GROOT (1583-1645).

Portrait of Hugo de Groot (1583-1645), 1631. Other Title(s): Portrait of Hugo de Groot (1583-1645). Portrait of Hugo de Groot (1583-1645), 1631. Creator: Workshop of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, ANDOVER, MASS., C1904.

Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass., c1904. Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass., c1904. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE BEHEADING OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST, CA 1564. FOUND IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSEO DI CAPODIMONTE, NAPLES.

The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, ca 1564. Found in the collection of the Museo di Capodimonte, Naples. The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, ca 1564. Creator: Pino (Marco da Siena), Marco (1521-1583). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST, 1635-1640. FOUND IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSEO DI CAPODIMONTE, NAPLES.

Saint John the Baptist, 1635-1640. Found in the collection of the Museo di Capodimonte, Naples. Saint John the Baptist, 1635-1640. Creator: Fracanzano, Cesare (1605-1651). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

THE VIRGIN ADORING THE CHRIST CHILD WITH SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST AND TWO ANGELS, LAST QUARTER OF 15TH CENTURY. FOUND IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSÉE DU LOUVRE, PARIS.

The Virgin Adoring the Christ Child with Saint John the Baptist and Two Angels, Last quarter of 15th century. Found in the collection of the Musée du Louvre, Paris. The Virgin Adoring the Christ Child with Saint John the Baptist and Two Angels, Last quarter of 15th Creator: Botticini, Francesco (1446-1497). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

SAINT PAUL PREACHING AT EPHESUS (LA PRÉDICATION DE SAINT PAUL À ÉPHÈSE), 1649. FOUND IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSÉE DU LOUVRE, PARIS.

Saint Paul preaching at Ephesus (La Prédication de saint Paul à Éphèse), 1649. Found in the collection of the Musée du Louvre, Paris. Saint Paul preaching at Ephesus (La Prédication de saint Paul à Éphèse), 1649. Creator: Le Sueur, Eustache (1617-1655). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST, CA 1624-1625. FOUND IN THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSÉE DE L'HISTOIRE DE FRANCE, CHÂTEAU DE VERSAILLES.

Saint John the Baptist, ca 1624-1625. Found in the collection of the Musée de l'Histoire de France, Château de Versailles. Saint John the Baptist, ca 1624-1625. Creator: Valentin de Boullogne (1591-1632). (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/FINE ART IMAGES)

DER PAPST UND DER SULTAN ALS DÄMONEN / M. GERUNG, UM 1546

Religion / Karikatur..Antikatholisch / Reformationszeit..."Der Papst und der Sultan als Dämonen ziehen ihre Anhänger in die Hölle"...(Papst und Sultan, zu erkennen an Tiara und Turban, in Dämonengestalt halten ihre Anhänger (Klerus und Musline)in der Hölle, an Ketten, die aus ihren Schlünden wachsen; oben Christus als Weltenrichter mit Gottvater und Taube des hl. Geistes; Teil einer unvollendeten Serie von Holzschnitten zur Apokalypse, entstanden im Auftrag Ottheinrichs (1502-59), der 1542 zum Protestantismus konvertiert war und die Reformation in seinem Fürstentum Pfalz-Neuburg eingeführt hatte (Neuburger Reformationsmandat)...Holzschnitt, um 1546, von Matthias Gerung (1500–1570)..20,4 x 16,9 cm..Inv.-Nr. 1895,0122.45.Department of Prints and Drawings,.London, British Museum. (KEYSTONE/akg-images/akg-images)