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Ptolemy's map of Southern Russia, Ukraine, Georgia and the Black Sea. This 1482 atlas is a translation of Ptolemy's original work from Greek to Latin made in Ulm, Germany by Leinhart Holle. Ptolemy, also known as Claudius Ptolemaeus, was an astronomer and geographer who lived in the 2nd century in the Greek culture of Roman Egypt. .. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/ALVIN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)