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River Nile. View across the Nile Valley at Aswan, Egypt. The Nile is one of the largest and most important rivers in the world. As seen here, most of Egypt is covered in desert, but vegetation flourishes along the banks of the river. The vast majority of Egypt is uncultivated desert, and around 99% of the population live along the Nile Valley. The Nile is dammed at Aswan, which provides hydroelectric power for the region. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/ADAM HART-DAVIS)