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Edward Holden (1846-1914). Historical image of the American astronomer Edward Singleton Holden. Holden was director of the Washburn Observatory from 1881-1885 and was elected a member of the American National Academy of Sciences in 1885. He was president of the University of California from 1885-1888 and the first director of the Lick Observatory form 1888-1897. While at the Lick Observatory he founded the Astronomical Society of the Pacific and was its first president (1889-1891). He also wrote many books on popular science. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/LIBRARY OF CONGRESS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)