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Rosalyn Yalow with 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, next to a bust of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), whose bequest founded the Nobel Prizes. US medical physicist Rosalyn Yalow (1921-2011, nee Sussman) worked in the 1950s in a New York hospital, developing radioimmunoassay (RIA), a method to detecthormones. RIA detects the presence of molecules by binding them to a radioactively-labelled counterpart. Yalow received half the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. She gave her Nobel Lecture on 8 December 1977, and made a speech at the Nobel Banquet in Stockholm on 10 December 1977. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/EMILIO SEGRE VISUAL ARCHIVES/AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)