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American author John Steinbeck peers through binoculars into East Berlin as he stands at West Berlin's Checkpoint Charlie on Dec. 11, 1963. At one point the 61-year-old Nobel Prize winning author defied a Red guard and stepped across the white line that marks the border. His five-day visit to Berlin is part of a two-month European tour which has included a stop in Moscow. (AP Photo/Edwin Reichert) (KEYSTONE/AP/Edwin Reichert)