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James Adolf Israel (1848-1926), German surgeon. Israel studied in Berlin and in 1870 he received his doctorate. He then worked and studied in Vienna, England and Scotland, before returning to Berlin to work at the Jewish hospital from 1875. He became professor there in 1894. Israel was the first to describe ray fungus in a human lesion. He also made some notable contributions to renal surgery and to tuberculosis. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/LIBRARY OF CONGRESS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)