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Boutiques parisiennes. Marchand de primeurs. Expéditions de fruits et marées, "Maison A. Burgard", 4 rue Marie-Stuart. Paris (2e arr.), 1906. carte-photo imprimée. Bibliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris. (KEYSTONE/ROGER VIOLLET/BHVP)

EXPEDITION TO NOVAYA ZEMLYA; WALRUS HUNT IN MAGDALENEFJORDEN (NORWAY), 1680. CREATOR: JAN LUYKEN.

Expedition to Novaya Zemlya; Walrus hunt in Magdalenefjorden (Norway), 1680. Depicting a highlight on the Third Arctic Expedition of Willem Barentsz (1596). The inscription translates as 'The trip to Novaya Zemlya', and the scene here depicts a walrus hunt in Magdalenefjorden (present day Norway). It shows a small crew of Dutchmen in their sailing boat attacking a huge, obviously doomed walrus. There are other walruses on the right, and two large sailing vessels in right background, while whales spout in far distance. Expedition to Novaya Zemlya; Walrus hunt in Magdalenefjorden (Norway), 1680. Creator: Jan Luyken. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE FRAM, BETWEEN C1910 AND C1915. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

The Fram, between c1910 and c1915. Shows the sailing ship Fram, which Amundsen took to the Arctic in 1910-1911. The light-color coat of paint may indicate that the photo was taken during an earlier Arctic expedition (1898-1902). The Fram, between c1910 and c1915. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

NEW SPACE SHUTTLE ROCKET MIT EXPLOSION UND RAUCH NIMMT AB, UM DEN ROTEN PLANETEN MARS, KONZEPT. RAUMSCHIFF ABHEBEN, UM ANDERE PLANETEN ZU ERKUNDEN. RAKETENSTART. REISEN IN DEN WELTRAUM

New Space Shuttle Rocket mit Explosion und Rauch nimmt ab, um den roten Planeten Mars, Konzept. Raumschiff abheben, um andere Planeten zu erkunden. Raketenstart. Reisen in den Weltraum (KEYSTONE/CHROMORANGE/Ales Utouka)

THE ISLE OF MUSSOWAH, IN THE RED SEA, THE HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE ABYSSINIAN RELIEF MISSION, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Isle of Mussowah, in the Red Sea, the head-quarters of the Abyssinian Relief Mission, 1865. Engraving from a sketch by Lieutenant S. S. Jacob, of the Bombay Staff Corps, Assistant Engineer at Aden, of '...the head-quarters, at present, of the Special Mission sent to effect the release of the Abyssinian captives and the place where Consul Cameron used to reside...Mussowah,...belonging now to the dominions of the Pacha of Egypt, is an island, about half a mile long and a quarter of a mile broad, only a few hundred yards from the African coast. Like many other islands in the Red Sea, it is of coral formation, and elevated from 12 to 20 ft. above the level of the sea. There is not a spring of water to be found in the island; not a tree or blade of grass for the eye to rest on. Half the island is used as a Mussulman burying-ground, near which is the Roman Catholic chapel, shown to the left (the east). Christians are not allowed to bury on the island, but find a resting-place for their dead in another island (Tawil Oude) shown at the extreme right...The other half of Mussowah is inhabited, but the few miserable houses and mat huts comprise the whole town...Turkish steamers run from Suez to Jeddah, whence native boats come across to Mussowah'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. The Isle of Mussowah, in the Red Sea, the head-quarters of the Abyssinian Relief Mission, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

SCRAPER, COMPASS AND ADZE, SELKUPS, 1920. CREATOR: A. G. VARGIN.

Scraper, compass and adze, Selkups, 1920. V. I. Surikov Museum of Art in Krasnoiarsk Scraper, compass and adze, Selkups, 1920. Creator: A. G. Vargin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SENIOR STUDENTS OF VLADIVOSTOK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE DURING A TRIP TO THE ASHIO-NIKO COPPER, ...1922 CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute On the Deck of a Ship During a Trip to the Ashio-Niko Copper Mine in Japan, Spring 1922. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute During a Trip to the Ashio-Niko Copper, ...1922 Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV WITH SENIOR STUDENTS OF VLADIVOSTOK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE...JAPAN, 1922. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute During a Trip to the Ashio-Niko Copper Mine in Japan, Spring 1922. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute...Japan, 1922. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV WITH SENIOR STUDENTS OF VLADIVOSTOK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE...JAPAN, 1922. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute During a Trip to the Ashio-Niko Mine in Japan, Spring 1922. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Senior Students of Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute...Japan, 1922. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV WITH MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION AT BASE CAMP, 1920-1929. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Members of an Expedition at Base Camp, 1920-1929. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov with Members of an Expedition at Base Camp, 1920-1929. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV BY THE CHUTE OF AN EXPLORATORY MINE, 1920-1929. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov by the Chute of an Exploratory Mine, 1920-1929. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov by the Chute of an Exploratory Mine, 1920-1929. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

WORKERS OF DAL'GEOLKOM IN THE COURTYARD OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF DAL'GEOLKOM WITH A PAVILION...1928. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Workers of Dal'geolkom in the Courtyard of the Administration of Dal'geolkom with a Pavilion in the Background, 1928. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Workers of Dal'geolkom in the Courtyard of the Administration of Dal'geolkom with a Pavilion...1928. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

DAL'GEOLKOM COLLECTIVE SEEING OFF GEOLOGIST P.I. POLEVOI TO LENINGRAD, 1928. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Dal'geolkom Collective Seeing off Geologist P.I. Polevoi to Leningrad, 1928. From the family archive of prominent geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). While still a student, Pavlov took part in the attempted expedition to the North Pole in 1912-14, which was led by the Arctic explorer Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914). Along with his school and university friend Vladimir Iul'evich Vize (1886-1954), who served as the expedition's geographer, Pavlov collected a large body of scientific data on the northern archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. The photographs date from approximately 1875-1929. They depict Pavlov's geological expeditions in Siberia and the Far East, expedition participants, views of nature, Pavlov during his school and university years, and his family members in various years. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Dal'geolkom Collective Seeing off Geologist P.I. Polevoi to Leningrad, 1928. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TWO TUNGUS MEN AND A WOMAN WITH A CROSS ON HER CHEST, 1920-1939. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Two Tungus men and a woman with a cross on her chest, 1920-1939. From a collection which includes more than two hundred photographs taken during scientific expeditions into the most remote wilderness regions of Siberia at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. This selection illustrates the life of seven indigenous groups from East Siberia: Kets, Dolgans, Buryats, Yakuts, Even, Evenks, and Toffalars. Novosibirsk State Museum of Regional History and Folklife Two Tungus men and a woman with a cross on her chest, 1920-1939. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

TUTUR TUNGUS. DUDOVKA CAMP. OLD WOMEN TWIST THREADS FROM DEER TENDONS, 1920-1939. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Tutur Tungus. Dudovka camp. Old women twist threads from deer tendons, 1920-1939. From a collection which includes more than two hundred photographs taken during scientific expeditions into the most remote wilderness regions of Siberia at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. This selection illustrates the life of seven indigenous groups from East Siberia: Kets, Dolgans, Buryats, Yakuts, Even, Evenks, and Toffalars. Novosibirsk State Museum of Regional History and Folklife Tutur Tungus. Dudovka camp. Old women twist threads from deer tendons, 1920-1939. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

YURT OF THE ILGA TUNGUS, 1920-1929. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Yurt of the Ilga Tungus, 1920-1929. From a collection which includes more than two hundred photographs taken during scientific expeditions into the most remote wilderness regions of Siberia at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. This selection illustrates the life of seven indigenous groups from East Siberia: Kets, Dolgans, Buryats, Yakuts, Even, Evenks, and Toffalars. Novosibirsk State Museum of Regional History and Folklife Yurt of the Ilga Tungus, 1920-1929. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION IN SUCHAN, 1920-1929. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION IN SUCHAN, 1920-1929. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION IN SUCHAN, 1920-1929. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION IN SUCHAN, 1920-1929. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of an Expedition in Suchan, 1920-1929. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF AN EXPEDITION AT BASE CAMP, 1920-1929. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of an Expedition at Base Camp, 1920-1929. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of an Expedition at Base Camp, 1920-1929. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

AT THE TENT, 1929. CREATOR: V IA EVALENKO.

At the tent, 1929. In the early part of the Stalin era, the Kremlin established a new administrative territory in the Soviet Far East--the Jewish Autonomous Region--to serve as a Jewish homeland. The capital of the region was the city of Birobidzhan. This album includes 274 photographs of the early years of Birobidzhan, beginning in the late 1920s. National Library of Russia At the tent, 1929. Creator: V IA Evalenko. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE BATTLE OF USRI [I.E. USSURI], SIBERIA; CAPTAIN KONOMI DIED IN THE BATTLE, FIGHTING, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The battle of Usri [i.e. Ussuri], Siberia; Captain Konomi died in the battle, fighting, c1919. The battle of Usri [i.e. Ussuri], Siberia; Captain Konomi died in the battle, fighting, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE JAPANESE ARMY OCCUPIED HABALOFSK [I.E.KHABAROVSK], AMUR FLEET SURRENDERED, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Japanese army occupied Habalofsk [i.e.Khabarovsk], Amur Fleet surrendered, c1919. The Japanese army occupied Habalofsk [i.e.Khabarovsk], Amur Fleet surrendered, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE JAPANESE CAVALRY ADVANCED FURIOUSLY IN STORM, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Japanese cavalry advanced furiously in storm, c1919. The Japanese cavalry advanced furiously in storm, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE JAPANESE CAVALRY TAKEN POSSESSION OF KHABAROVSK PURSUING AND ATTACKING THE ENEMIES, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Japanese cavalry taken possession of Khabarovsk pursuing and attacking the enemies, c1919. The Japanese cavalry taken possession of Khabarovsk pursuing and attacking the enemies, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE BRILLIANT EXPLOIT OF THE NOSHIDO(?) INFANTRY COMPANY DESTROYED RAIL ROAD, GOING..., C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The brilliant exploit of the Noshido(?) Infantry Company destroyed rail road, going around the back of the ememy, c1919. The brilliant exploit of the Noshido(?) Infantry Company destroyed rail road, going..., c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE FIRST BATTLE NEAR MANTURIA [I.E. MANCHURIA]; THE JAPANESE SOLDIERS DEFEATED..., C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The first battle near Manturia [i.e. Manchuria]; the Japanese soldiers defeated the enemy's cavalry, c1919. The first battle near Manturia [i.e. Manchuria]; the Japanese soldiers defeated..., c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE JAPANESE ARMY DEFEATED THE GERMAN-AUSTRIAN ARMY NEAR USRI [I.E. USSURI], SIBERIA, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Japanese army defeated the German-Austrian Army near Usri [i.e. Ussuri], Siberia, c1919. The Japanese army defeated the German-Austrian Army near Usri [i.e. Ussuri], Siberia, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE MARCH OF THE JAPANESE ARMY AT VLADIVOSTOK CITY, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The march of the Japanese army at Vladivostok city, c1919. The march of the Japanese army at Vladivostok city, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

OUR ARMY ATTACKS FROM SKY, WATER AND SHORE, AND REPULSED ENEMY OF SIBERIA, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Our army attacks from sky, water and shore, and repulsed enemy of Siberia, c1919. Our army attacks from sky, water and shore, and repulsed enemy of Siberia, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

OUR CAVALRY'S OCCUPIED KHABAROVSK, AND MARCH PAST TOOK PLACE IN FRONT OF THE ENEMY'S GUN..., C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Our cavalry's occupied Khabarovsk, and march past took place in front of the enemy's gun-boats, c1919. Our cavalry's occupied Khabarovsk, and march past took place in front of the enemy's gun..., c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CAMPING OF THE EXPEDITIONARY ARMY IN SIBERIA, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Camping of the expeditionary army in Siberia, c1919. Camping of the expeditionary army in Siberia, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

STARTING OF THE HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE COMBINED ARMY IN SIBERIA, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Starting of the head-quarters of the combined army in Siberia, c1919. Starting of the head-quarters of the combined army in Siberia, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE LANDING OF THE JAPANESE ARMY; WELCOMED BY EVERY NATION AT VLADIVOSTOK, 1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The landing of the Japanese army; welcomed by every nation at Vladivostok, 1919. The landing of the Japanese army; welcomed by every nation at Vladivostok, 1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

FURIOUS FIGHTING AT AMUR, C1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Furious fighting at Amur, c1919. Furious fighting at Amur, c1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE JAPANESE ARMY OCCUPIED VRAGAESCHENSK, 1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Japanese Army occupied Vragaeschensk, 1919. The Japanese army marching through Blagoveshchensk, Russia, with airplanes overhead. The Japanese Army occupied Vragaeschensk, 1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

FIGHTING BETWEEN THE CAVALRY AND THE WAR SHIPS - THE LATTER SURRENDERED, 1919. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Fighting between the cavalry and the war ships - The latter surrendered, 1919. Japanese cavalry fighting Russian warships. Fighting between the cavalry and the war ships - The latter surrendered, 1919. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

IN THE MESS-ROOM OF THE SHIP "SAINT MARTYR FOKA", 1913. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

In the Mess-Room of the Ship "Saint Martyr Foka", 1913. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum In the Mess-Room of the Ship "Saint Martyr Foka", 1913. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

NIGHT CAMP BY A ROCK ON THE BANK OF THE CHUSOVAYA, 1912. CREATOR: SERGEY MIKHAYLOVICH PROKUDIN-GORSKY.

Night camp by a rock on the bank of the Chusovaya, 1912. Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii and members of his photographic team are shown here at their overnight campground. The site is near the Chusovaia River, on the western side of the Ural Mountains which divide Europe from Asia. Night camp by a rock on the bank of the Chusovaya, 1912. Creator: Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorsky. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GEORGII IAKOVLEVICH SEDOV, 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov, 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GEORGII IAKOVLEVICH SEDOV AND MEMBERS OF THE EXPEDITION WITH THOSE SEEING THEM OFF ON THE..., 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov and Members of the Expedition with Those Seeing Them off on the Deck of the Ship Before Going to Sea, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov and Members of the Expedition with Those Seeing Them off on the..., 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF THE EXPEDITION DURING THE FIRST WINTERING, 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Members of the Expedition During the First Wintering, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of the Expedition During the First Wintering, 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GEORGII IAKOVLEVICH SEDOV, VLADIMIR IUL'EVICH VIZE, AND MEMBERS OF THE EXPEDITION..., 1912. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov, Vladimir Iul'evich Vize, and Members of the Expedition During the Time of Wintering, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov, Vladimir Iul'evich Vize, and Members of the Expedition..., 1912. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SEEING OFF THE EXPEDITION ON THE PIER, 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Seeing off the Expedition on the Pier, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Seeing off the Expedition on the Pier, 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SEEING OFF THE EXPEDITION IN ARKHANGELSK, 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Seeing off the Expedition in Arkhangelsk, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Seeing off the Expedition in Arkhangelsk, 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE SAILING SHIP "SAINT MARTYR FOKA", 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

The Sailing Ship "Saint Martyr Foka", 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum The Sailing Ship "Saint Martyr Foka", 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

DEPARTURE ON A SLED EXPEDITION DURING THE TIME OF WINTERING, 1913. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Departure on a Sled Expedition During the Time of Wintering, 1913. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Departure on a Sled Expedition During the Time of Wintering, 1913. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV DURING THE TIME OF WINTERING, 1912. CREATOR: NIKOLAY VASILYEVICH PINEGIN.

Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov During the Time of Wintering, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov During the Time of Wintering, 1912. Creator: Nikolay Vasilyevich Pinegin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GEORGII IAKOVLEVICH SEDOV AND IUGAN, A SAILOR; RETURN TO THE SHIP AFTER A TEN-DAY EXCURSION, 1912. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov and Iugan, a Sailor; return to the Ship After a Ten-Day Excursion, 1912. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov and Iugan, a Sailor; return to the Ship After a Ten-Day Excursion, 1912. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

MEMBERS OF A SLED EXPEDITION NEAR THEIR TENT, 1913. CREATOR: MIKHAIL ALEKSEEVICH PAVLOV.

Members of a Sled Expedition near Their Tent, 1913. From a collection consisting of an album and individual photographs from the family archive of geologist Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov (1884-1938). The collection depicts an expedition undertaken by Senior Lieutenant Georgii Iakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) in the years 1912-14. Sedov, whose health was already failing when he set out for the pole by sled in early 1914, died before reaching his objective. The members of the expedition nonetheless carried out extensive surveying and scientific observations while wintering on Novaya Zemlya in 1912-13 and made significant contributions to knowledge of northern geography. V.K. Arseniev Primorsky Regional Unified Museum Members of a Sled Expedition near Their Tent, 1913. Creator: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

EXPEDITION CAMP ON THE RIVER BANK, 1910-1929. CREATOR: IVAN EMELIANOVICH LARIN.

Expedition camp on the river bank, 1910-1929. From an album containing 296 works offering a glimpse of life in the Russian Far Northeast in the first third of the twentieth century. It includes nature scenes of Kamchatka, views of Petropavlovsk and other population centers, and images of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka and neighboring territories--their occupations and their material culture. Kamchatka Regional Unified Museum Expedition camp on the river bank, 1910-1929. Creator: Ivan Emelianovich Larin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

DOG SLED EXPEDITION IN THE FOREST, 1910-1929. CREATOR: IVAN EMELIANOVICH LARIN.

Dog sled expedition in the forest, 1910-1929. From an album containing 296 works offering a glimpse of life in the Russian Far Northeast in the first third of the twentieth century. It includes nature scenes of Kamchatka, views of Petropavlovsk and other population centers, and images of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka and neighboring territories--their occupations and their material culture. Kamchatka Regional Unified Museum Dog sled expedition in the forest, 1910-1929. Creator: Ivan Emelianovich Larin. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

A LABORER RETURNING FROM A LAND-MANAGEMENT EXPEDITION ON A RAFT AFTER HIS DISMISSAL...,1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

A Laborer Returning From a Land-ManFrom a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum A Laborer Returning From a Land-Management Expedition on a Raft After His Dismissal...,1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GROUP OF SHORIA MEN; A HUNTER, IN FRONT, EQUIPPED FOR A WINTER HUNT BY THE MEMBERS..., 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Group of Shoria Men; a Hunter, in Front, Equipped for a Winter Hunt by the Members of the Expedition, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Group of Shoria Men; a Hunter, in Front, Equipped for a Winter Hunt by the Members..., 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA HUNTERS EQUIPPED FOR THE WINTER HUNT, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Hunters Equipped for the Winter Hunt, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Hunters Equipped for the Winter Hunt, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA MAN WITH FISH, CAUGHT IN THE RIVER MRASSU RAPID, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Man with Fish, Caught in the River Mrassu Rapid, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Man with Fish, Caught in the River Mrassu Rapid, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SOFTENING LEATHER, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Softening Leather, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Softening Leather, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

THE SHORS DEMONSTRATE THE MAIN TOOLS FOR CULTIVATING THE LAND (HOE - "ABYL", HARROW) AND..., 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

The Shors demonstrate the main tools for cultivating the land (hoe - "abyl", harrow) and grain (hand winnower, mortar, millstone), 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum The Shors demonstrate the main tools for cultivating the land (hoe - "abyl", harrow) and..., 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA WOMEN MAKING SHOES, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Women Making Shoes, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Women Making Shoes, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA MAN, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Man, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Man, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

OLD WOMAN COLLECTING WOOD, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Old Woman Collecting Wood, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Old Woman Collecting Wood, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA FAMILY DRESSED IN THE "CITY" TYPE CLOTHES, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Family Dressed in the "City" Type Clothes, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Family Dressed in the "City" Type Clothes, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SHORIA MEN AND WOMEN WORKING ON CUTTING IN THE WOODS, 1913. CREATOR: GI IVANOV.

Shoria Men and Women Working on Cutting in the Woods, 1913. From a collection of 109 photographs taken during a 1913 topographic expedition to the Gornaia Shoria in the Altai region and another topographic expedition to the Mrasskii region, Kuznetskii District (central part of the Gornaia Shoria). The photographs reflect both expedition activities and the life of the people in this region. Altai State Regional Studies Museum Shoria Men and Women Working on Cutting in the Woods, 1913. Creator: GI Ivanov. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)