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CASTOR, 1927. CREATOR: FREDERICK LANDSEER MAUR GRIGGS.

Castor, 1927. Architectural fantasy - towards the right, we see a magnificent Romanesque church tower topped by a relatively stumpy gothic spire, rendered in fainter, silvery inks to suggest distance and grandeur. A solitary figure, in what appears 17th century dress, emphasises the pathos and the enormity of the then recent destruction Castor, 1927. Creator: Frederick Landseer Maur Griggs. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SECTIONS OF THE HULL OF H.M.S. TERPSICHORE, SHOWING EFFECT OF THE TORPEDO EXPLOSION AT CHATHAM, 1865 CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Sections of the hull of H.M.S. Terpsichore, showing effect of the torpedo explosion at Chatham, 1865. Official drawings '...by Mr. P. Thornton, Master Shipwright of Chatham Dockyard, showing the exact amount of damage that was inflicted upon the hull of the old 18-gun frigate Terpsichore by the explosion of the two 75-pounders [during] the very striking experiments with Mr. Beardslee's submarine torpedoes, or explosive shells...in the River Medway. No. 3 shows the relative positions of the ship, the torpedo, and the boat from which it was fired by an electric wire: the figure a representing the place where the boat lay when the torpedo was lowered from its side; while the figure b shows the place to which the boat had been removed before the signal of firing the torpedo was given...No. 1 shows the general longitudinal lines of the ship, with the hole made by the explosion of the torpedo...An enlarged view of a portion of the outside planking around this hole is also given. No. 2 presents a cross section of the vessel, showing very minutely how her timbers were shivered. In the parts marked a, the knees are seen as broken through the throat - viz., two on the starboard and four on the port side'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Sections of the hull of H.M.S. Terpsichore, showing effect of the torpedo explosion at Chatham, 1865 Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

EXPERIMENTS WITH TORPEDO-SHELLS AT CHATHAM: BLOWING-UP OF THE TERPSICHORE BY A 75-POUNDER, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: blowing-up of the Terpsichore by a 75-pounder, 1865. 'Preparations were now made for destroying the Terpsichore, 18-gun sailing-frigate, which had been placed at the disposal of Mr. Beardslee by the Admiralty in order to put the destructive powers of the torpedo to the most practical test...a couple of 75-lb. torpedos were taken...close alongside the Terpsichore and there sunk...after a momentary pause, came the stifled report of both the torpedos at once, and the Terpsichore suddenly rose at her bows 10 ft. or 12 ft. into the air and heeled over on her starboard side, while great masses of water burst up through her decks, her whole frame being convulsed and heaving as with agony, till she began to settle down forwards. In another moment her stem stood up at an acute angle, and her bow sank deeper and deeper...The mischief she had received would seem to be a broken back; for she still continued to go down by the head, until, in about five minutes from her first movement, she lay fast aground in the Medway mud on an even keel, with the tide, now at three-quarters ebb, up to within a few inches of her portholes'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: blowing-up of the Terpsichore by a 75-pounder, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

DESTRUCTION OF ST. MARY’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL AT SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Destruction of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral at Sydney, New South Wales, 1865. Engraving of a drawing by Mr. J. Smedley, showing '...the conflagration in its most terrific aspect...The flames burst forth almost simultaneously...The roof was composed of shingles, which were quickly burnt through...as the outlines of the stately structure were vividly defined and skirted with flame, the sight was one of unsurpassed grandeur. Myriads of sparks ascended high into the air and fell in showers in the direction of Woolloomooloo Bay...From the top of the cathedral clouds of yellow flame and smoke issued, which shed a lurid lustre on all around...The reflection of the fire in the sky was visible for a distance of twenty miles at sea...the flames, like innumerable serpents of fire, hissed and crackled...The interior...was a vast furnace of fire, which glowed with intense heat; and the wind and flame roaring through the sacred pile, and the timbers crashing from above, made a noise which resembled the waves beating along the seashore as heard from afar...The cathedral, which had cost not much less, with its furniture and decorations, than £50,000, was not insured. It contained several pictures by the old masters, none of which have been saved'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Destruction of St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Cathedral at Sydney, New South Wales, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

EFFECTS OF THE LATE STORM IN TABLE BAY, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Effects of the late storm in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 1865. '...the mail-steamer Athens, belonging to the Union Steam Navigation Company...was destroyed by the great storm in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, on the 17th of May. We now present a view of the scene of wide-spread havoc which was displayed on the beach immediately after the storm had ceased. There were no less than fifteen seagoing vessels, besides many smaller craft, thrown upon shore, and some were broken to pieces, while others were partially or wholly dismantled. At the same hour, when the steamer Athens was driven, upon the rocks at Green Point, the barque City of Peterborough was torn from her moorings, at the other end of the bay, and struck on the reef opposite the military hospital. The cries of the crew for help could be distinctly heard, but it was found impossible to render assistance. Attempts to communicate with the vessel by means of Manby's apparatus were made, but without success; and before midnight she went to pieces, all hands perishing, to the number of eighteen. Mr. Joseph Wright, of Lincoln, the captain, had his wife and child on board'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Effects of the late storm in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA: RUINS OF THE RAILWAY BRIDGE, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Richmond, Virginia: ruins of the railway bridge, 1865. 'The scenes of havoc and ruin in the city of Richmond after the great conflagration which ensued upon the retirement of the Confederate army and Government, in the first week of April, have already been made the subjects of some of our Illustrations...[Engraving] of the ruins of the buildings of the Richmond and Petersburg Railway, which here crosses the James River by a bridge...'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Richmond, Virginia: ruins of the railway bridge, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA: RUINS OF THE CARBINE FACTORY, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Richmond, Virginia: ruins of the carbine factory, 1865. 'The scenes of havoc and ruin in the city of Richmond after the great conflagration which ensued upon the retirement of the Confederate army and Government, in the first week of April, have already been made the subjects of some of our Illustrations. We present in this Number a view of the ruins of the building which had been occupied as a carbine factory by the military department of the Administration, Richmond being a place where large quantities of arms and ammunition were manufactured during the war'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Richmond, Virginia: ruins of the carbine factory, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE WAR IN DENMARK: THE TOWN OF SONDERBURG IN RUINS AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The War in Denmark: the town of Sonderburg in ruins after the bombardment, 1864. Engraving '...from a sketch taken by Mr. Simonsen, our Danish Artist, in the town of Sonderburg a fortnight after its bombardment - that cruel and wanton act, for which, as Earl Russell has observed, "the Prussian army must remain under the reprobation of all civilised countries." The view which is here presented shows what damage was caused to the houses by the enemy's shells falling in the little square of Sonderburg, near the newly-built Townhall. But it must be left to the imagination to conceive the worse injuries that were inflicted by this bombardment upon the unfortunate population, of whom nearly a hundred, many of them women and children, are said to have been killed within twenty-four hours, to say nothing of the sufferings of hundreds more, who were driven in one night from the shelter of their homes and dispersed through the surrounding country. It was on the evening of the 2nd of April, and on the next day, a Sunday, that the Prussian artillery performed this feat'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The War in Denmark: the town of Sonderburg in ruins after the bombardment..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE WAR IN DENMARK: THE DUEPPEL WINDMILL IN RUINS, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Illustrations of the War in Denmark: the Dueppel Windmill in ruins, 1864. Engraving '...from a sketch by our Special Artist...[showing] the aspect of Dueppel since the storm of war has swept over that place, leaving many traces of its fury'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Illustrations of the War in Denmark: the Dueppel Windmill in ruins, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE WAR IN DENMARK: REPULSE OF THE PRUSSIANS ON MARCH 28, VIEWED FROM THE DANISH REDOUBTS..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The War in Denmark: Repulse of the Prussians on March 28, viewed from the Danish Redoubts, 1864. 'We have engraved this week a sketch by one of our own countrymen..., taken from one of the Danish redoubts. The foreground is filled up with a breastwork, a group of soldiers, and a mounted field-piece. The prospect is towards the Avnbierg or Ruhenberg hill on the left, the villages of West and East Dueppel in the centre, and the Bueffel Koppel wood farther off on the right...the masses of Prussian infantry...were broken and dispersed by the fire of Danish guns at once from the redoubts before them and from the war-steamer Rolf Krake, on their right flank. Beyond the gently swelling ground to the left are the waters of the inlet called the Venningbund, and in the extreme distance we perceive the twin steeples of Broacker Church...The small hamlet of East Dueppel, which lies in the middle, having been destroyed some days before, when the Prussians first occupied the Ruhenberg, could not afford them any shelter. They had formed their columns at three o'clock that morning in the village of West Dueppel, which was subsequently set on fire by the Danish shells, and which is seen burning'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The War in Denmark: Repulse of the Prussians on March 28, viewed from the Danish Redoubts..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

DESTRUCTION OF THE FORTIFICATIONS OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS: THE ESCARP OF THE KEEP OF VIDO..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Destruction of the fortifications of the Ionian Islands: the escarp of the Keep of Vido after the explosion on March 11, 1864. View of the site '...after the explosion of three tons of gunpowder there, when the massive stone walls were, in one moment, reduced to a heap of ruins...The conduct of her Majesty's [British] Government in demolishing the fortifications of Corfu before handing over the Ionian Islands to Greece has lately been made a subject of Parliamentary debate...During the last three weeks not only have the fortifications of Corfu been partially demolished, but hundreds of large guns and immense quantities of stores have been shipped for removal, and the English troops have begun to take their departure...There can be no doubt that the inhabitants of Corfu will sadly miss the accustomed presence of our military, who used to spend at bast £200,000 a year in that town, besides what might be got from an occasional visit of the Mediterranean fleet. But they have chosen annexation to the Greek kingdom, and their wish is to be fulfilled before the end of this month'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Destruction of the fortifications of the Ionian Islands: the escarp of the Keep of Vido..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE ALABAMA DESTROYING THE TEXAN STAR, OR MARTABAN, IN THE MALACCA STRAITS..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Alabama destroying the Texan Star, or Martaban, in the Malacca Straits - the Kwan-Tung, Chinese war-steamer, in the distance, 1864. Engraving from a sketch by Commander Allen Young, R.N. who '...observed the Confederate man-of-war Alabama...[showing] foreign colours...At five in the afternoon the Kwan-Tung again came suddenly upon the Alabama, which, having captured a barque, was then in the act of destroying her. This barque, which proved to be the Texan Star, alias the Martaban, bound to Singapore with a rice cargo, was then lying in the position which our Engraving represents; her sails were clewed up, her anchor was down in about fifteen fathoms water, and the fire was breaking out at both ends. The crew having been removed, the Alabama cut the barque's boat adrift and steamed away at full speed...until midnight, when she was seen suddenly to alter her course towards Malacca, where it appears she landed the captured crew. The Texan Star when last seen was one mass of flame fore and aft, her masts had fallen by the board, and, while fast burning to the water's edge, she cast through the intense darkness of the night a brilliant gleam of light, at once a beacon to the navigator and a warning to all Federal ships in those waters'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Alabama destroying the Texan Star, or Martaban, in the Malacca Straits..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FLOOD AT SHEFFIELD:...BROADHEAD WHEEL MILL...WORKMEN SEARCHING FOR TOOLS, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: remains of Broadhead Wheel Mill, on the Loxley, near Matlock: workmen searching for tools, 1864. Aftermath of a burst reservoir, caused by inadequate building materials. Over a hundred people were killed. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield:...Broadhead Wheel Mill...workmen searching for tools, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FLOOD AT SHEFFIELD: THE VILLAGE OF MALIN BRIDGE AFTER THE FLOOD, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: the village of Malin Bridge after the flood, 1864. Aftermath of a burst reservoir, caused by inadequate building materials. Over a hundred people were killed. Engraving of '...a most dreary and desolate view of Malin Bridge - that is, of the almost vacant site where the substantial bridge and the populous, thriving village were to be seen fifteen days ago. The whole of this space, from the foreground of the picture to the ruined houses by the stream, was covered so lately with buildings, which have been shorn off the face of the earth as though a scythe had swept across the level, and only a scattering of stones, with a few mounds of rubbish, stray pieces of timber, and broken iron furniture is left to show where the workshops and the dwellings lately stood...The water rose to the height of sixteen or eighteen feet against those houses which still appear erect in our view of Malin Bridge, and in one of them, it is said, the occupant reached out through his bedroom window, and pulled in a man who was floating by. It was at Malin Bridge and at Hillsborough, and along the road between those places, that there were most houses destroyed'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: the village of Malin Bridge after the flood, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FLOOD AT SHEFFIELD: DROWNED CATTLE AT HIGH BANK, ON THE RIVER DON, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: drowned cattle at High Bank, on the River Don, 1864. Aftermath of a burst reservoir, caused by inadequate building materials. Over a hundred people were killed. '...a number of cattle...lay at High Bank, having been carried down by the flood to that part of the river - their carcasses hugely swollen, and plastered with mud and clay, an ugly spectacle, and such as may seldom be found in the suburbs of a great commercial town. When daylight broke, on the Saturday morning, large trees and dead cows and horses were lying mixed with several human bodies in the very streets of Sheffield'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: drowned cattle at High Bank, on the River Don, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FLOOD AT SHEFFIELD: THE VILLAGE OF HILLSBOROUGH AFTER THE FLOOD, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: the village of Hillsborough after the flood, 1864. Aftermath of a burst reservoir, caused by inadequate building materials. Over a hundred people were killed. Engraving showing '...what now remains of Hillsborough. One arch of the principal bridge, and almost the whole structure of another bridge, seem to have been swept away. The view is taken from the west side, approaching Hillsborough from Malin Bridge, which is higher up the stream. The space shown in the foreground is now a mere waste of sand bestrewn with large stones'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Illustrations of the Flood at Sheffield: the village of Hillsborough after the flood, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE VILLAGE OF BRADFIELD, NEAR SHEFFIELD, SCENE OF THE LATE FLOODS...BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The village of Bradfield, near Sheffield, scene of the late floods - from a sketch by our special artist, 1864. Scene of '...a terrible disaster...involving the sudden destruction of several hundred human lives...[caused by] the bursting of the Sheffield Water Company's reservoir at Bradfield...It seems, unhappily, that...the thickness of the embankment was only 40 ft [when it] ought to have had a thickness of 54 ft...we may try to conceive the sudden outpouring by this channel of a hundred millions of cubic feet of water - that is, two million tons weight of water all discharged at once into the valleys below! This is the quantity, as near as it can be estimated, the reservoir, when quite full, containing 113,000,000 cubic feet... there must have been a pressure of nearly two tons and a half upon each square foot at the base of the embankment...This cataract rushed down into the Loxley Valley...overturning everything in its way - factories, workshops, and cottages where people lay quietly in their beds. Laden with fragments of the ruined houses, pieces of furniture, and dead human bodies, the flood poured into the River Don, which rose and submerged a great part of Neepsend, a suburb of Sheffield, where many persons were drowned'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The village of Bradfield, near Sheffield, scene of the late floods...by our special artist, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

BURNING OF PENGWERN HALL, NEAR ST. ASAPH, THE SEAT OF LORD MOSTYN, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Burning of Pengwern Hall, near St. Asaph [in Wales], the seat of Lord Mostyn, 1864. 'This mansion, one of the noblest in the Vale of Clwyd, was the residence of the late Lord Mostyn, but has, since his death, been occupied by his brother, the Hon. T. P. Lloyd. It was built, in 1787...The house was partly of Corinthian architecture, but with a certain originality in the design of its front. It contained not only a great deal of costly furniture, plate, and jewels, but many choice paintings - Dutch, Italian, and English - besides the rare and valuable library of Welsh records and MSS. known as the Mostyn Collection. Fortunately, these treasures are for the most part saved. The fire having broken out at four or five o'clock in the afternoon, hundreds of people soon hastened to help in putting it out, or in getting out whatever they could, and a lady of the family, Miss Lloyd, of Cefn...is said to have shown extraordinary courage, by entering the burning house over and over again to fetch some cherished heirlooms of the house of Lloyd. The Hon. Mr. Lloyd and Miss Lloyd are much esteemed in the neighbourhood for their benevolence, and this fire is lamented as a public calamity throughout the Vale of Clwyd'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Burning of Pengwern Hall, near St. Asaph, the seat of Lord Mostyn, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE ROTTERDAM MUSEUM, LATELY DESTROYED BY FIRE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Rotterdam Museum, lately destroyed by fire, 1864. Engraving from a photograph. 'The city of Rotterdam has suffered an irreparable loss by the destruction of its museum in the Schieland Palace, which was burnt down...The Schieland Palace...was erected in 1662...In 1847, a collection of valuable paintings, bequeathed to the city by M. Boymans, was transferred to the halls of the palace to form the nucleus of the costly treasures of art which have now for the most part been destroyed. The collection gradually increased till it numbered about four hundred paintings...Many - it is said a hundred and fifty - of these paintings, as well as some of the valuable prints, were rescued from the fire, though most of them are in a damaged state. In this museum was also a large and unique collection of Japanese porcelain, which, together with several marble statues, was entirely destroyed...The museum was insured for £30,000, a sum far below its real value - which, in fact, no money can represent. It is supposed that the fire was caused by the carelessness of the workmen employed in repairing the upper part of the building. Nothing, however, but the four walls of the Schieland Palace is now standing; all within is a blackened mass of ruins'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Rotterdam Museum, lately destroyed by fire, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

FLOODS AT MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA: PUNT ROAD, RICHMOND, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Floods at Melbourne, Australia: Punt Road, Richmond, 1864. Engraving of a photograph by Messrs. Davies. 'On Dec. 13 heavy squalls of wind, accompanied by rain, swept across the city, and continued to increase in intensity during the three following days. The wind being from the S.W. and S.S.W., a high tide arose. This, coupled with the heavy rain, had the effect of making the river Yarra rise to a greater height than it had ever done before...the scene was heart-rending. At the river end of the Punt road hundreds of dwellings were submerged and many were swept away. In all these houses the furniture and other valuables were either totally destroyed or greatly injured, whilst in some instances the inmates had great difficulty in escaping with their lives... A kerosene-store was injured, and hundreds of cases of oil carried seawards. Large quantities of salt and sugar have been destroyed, as well as flour and other perishable articles...It is known that three men have lost their lives through the flood; but it is anticipated that other fatal accidents, unreported, have occurred. The sufferings resulting from this disaster - many having lost their all - are widespread and acute'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Floods at Melbourne, Australia: Punt Road, Richmond, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

FLOODS AT MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA: ST. KILDA ROAD, SOUTH SIDE OF PRINCE'S BRIDGE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Floods at Melbourne, Australia: St. Kilda Road, south side of Prince's Bridge, 1864. Engraving of a photograph by Messrs. Davies. 'On Dec. 13 heavy squalls of wind, accompanied by rain, swept across the city, and continued to increase in intensity during the three following days. The wind being from the S.W. and S.S.W., a high tide arose. This, coupled with the heavy rain, had the effect of making the river Yarra rise to a greater height than it had ever done before...All communication with the suburbs was completely cut off during two days... Across the St. Kilda road, on the south side of Prince's Bridge, the stream rushed with such force as to tear away a large portion of the road and the fences on each side, as well as the telegraph and lamp posts...Numerous wooden tenements were carried bodily down the river, and, coming in contact with either of the bridges, were dashed to pieces. Gardens and orchards were stripped of their fruit-trees and vines, and large quantities of hay and other crops were carried away.... As the flood has not yet entirely subsided, it is impossible to form an idea of the probable loss through this visitation, but it is roughly estimated that it will take a quarter of a million sterling to repair the damage'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Floods at Melbourne, Australia: St. Kilda Road, south side of Prince's Bridge, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

FLOODS AT MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA: EMERALD HILL, FROM THE SUBURBAN RAILWAY, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Floods at Melbourne, Australia: Emerald Hill, from the suburban railway, 1864. Engraving of a photograph by Messrs. Davies. 'On Dec. 13 heavy squalls of wind, accompanied by rain, swept across the city, and continued to increase in intensity during the three following days. The wind being from the S.W. and S.S.W., a high tide arose. This, coupled with the heavy rain, had the effect of making the river Yarra rise to a greater height than it had ever done before...All communication with the suburbs was completely cut off during two days. Emerald Hill was an island, the road which connects it with Melbourne being submerged to the depth of many feet...Steps have already been taken to collect subscriptions for the relief of the distressed, and the following notice has been issued by the Government: "To Poor Persons driven out of their Homes by the present Floods. Accommodation for a few days will be afforded to such families and persons on their applying at the Immigrants' Dépôt, King-street...Should the demand be in excess of the spare room, tents and bedding, under proper care, will be loaned, and other assistance granted to the necessitous. A certificate from a clergyman or a magistrate of the locality must be produced at the dépôt".' From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Floods at Melbourne, Australia: Emerald Hill, from the suburban railway, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE GREAT FIRE AT LIMOGES, FRANCE: FIREMEN AND SOLDIERS CLEARING OUT A PORTION OF THE RUINS…, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Scene of the Great Fire at Limoges, France - from a sketch by our special artist: firemen and soldiers of the garrison clearing out a portion of the ruins, 1864. 'No praise is too considerable in estimating the labours of these noble firemen-soldiers, who are ever ready and willing to risk their lives to save a fellow-creature or to ensure the public security. A collection was made at all the Paris churches on Sunday for the burnt-out families of Limoges. The Emperor has authorised a lottery, with a capital of 5,000,000f., for the same charitable purpose... the result of [the fire], according to the official returns, has been the total destruction of 107 houses, situated in the very heart of that old city, and the loss of property amounting to upwards of two hundred thousand pounds...it is a source of congratulation to reflect that no lives were lost, notwithstanding the dangers to which upwards of 2000 persons momentarily without refuge were necessarily exposed'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Great Fire at Limoges, France: firemen and soldiers clearing out a portion of the ruins…, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

SCENE OF THE GREAT FIRE AT LIMOGES, FRANCE - FROM A SKETCH BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST, 1864. CREATOR: SMYTH.

Scene of the Great Fire at Limoges, France - from a sketch by our special artist, 1864. 'The fire...destroyed nearly all that portion of the city comprised between the Church of St. Michel and the Palace of Justice...The cause of the fire has not hitherto been discovered, and, in all probability, never will be...the entire site of the ruins was still smoking and sending forth a tremendous heat, although the engines had not ceased throwing quantities of water upon the debris...from time to time the embers broke out afresh, emitting flames of the most fantastic shapes. In some spots everything has been so completely consumed that the ground has a whitened appearance, with here and there masses of metal protruding sufficiently to show that they had formed portions of kitchen utensils or of iron bedsteads...The enormous ruin calls up a vague reminiscence of Pompeii; similar masses of wall mark the lines of the former streets, and the yawning cellars occasion many a useless regret for the wines destroyed by relentless heat...it is a source of congratulation to reflect that no lives were lost, notwithstanding the dangers to which upwards of 2000 persons momentarily without refuge were necessarily exposed'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Scene of the Great Fire at Limoges, France - from a sketch by our special artist, 1864. Creator: Smyth. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE GREAT FIRE AT LIMOGES, FRANCE: THE PUBLIC CRIER ANNOUNCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELIEF…, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Scene of the Great Fire at Limoges, France - from a sketch by our special artist: the public crier announcing the distribution of relief, 1864. 'As soon as the Emperor became acquainted with the calamity at Limoges, his Majesty, with his usual promptitude of action in such emergencies, immediately sent one of his aides-de-camp, the Count Reille, to the scene of devastation, with full powers to act on the Imperial behalf. Material aid was at once afforded to the poor people suddenly become houseless, and the public crier was sent forth to announce that assistance and refuge were open to all the victims of the conflagration...the result of [the fire], according to the official returns, has been the total destruction of 107 houses, situated in the very heart of that old city, and the loss of property amounting to upwards of two hundred thousand pounds...it is a source of congratulation to reflect that no lives were lost, notwithstanding the dangers to which upwards of 2000 persons momentarily without refuge were necessarily exposed'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Great Fire at Limoges, France: the public crier announcing the distribution of relief…, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE WAR IN DENMARK: RUINS OF THE LANGAA RAILWAY BRIDGE, IN JUTLAND, LATELY DESTROYED BY..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The War in Denmark: ruins of the Langaa Railway Bridge, in Jutland, lately destroyed by the Prussians, 1864. 'The most uncivilised thing the Prussians have done in Jutland is the blowing up of the great iron railway-bridge at Langaa, a few miles south-west from Randers, on the line to Viborg...General Hegermann...was inexorable. He had given his word that he would destroy the line if there were not trains ready to run at the end of the armistice, and his word he would keep. An engineer officer was sent to blow up Langaa Bridge, a costly iron one of a single span across the River Guden...The work of destruction has been most completely done, at no small expense of powder, for the bridge was built, as English engineers are wont to build, with solidity and strength. A first explosion did but partly succeed. After blowing up the buttresses, one of the tubular girders was blown up with a charge of 60 lb. of powder'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The War in Denmark: ruins of the Langaa Railway Bridge, in Jutland, lately destroyed by..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ARMSTRONG 600-POUNDER AGAINST THE WARRIOR FLOATING TARGET, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Experiments with the Armstrong 600-pounder against the Warrior floating target, 1864. 'The sight presented by the target when struck was very grand. The shell, from its enormous size, was distinctly seen throughout its flight of 1000 yards from the gun to the target, and as the shell exploded an immense volume of smoke and flame instantly enveloped the target. Above the smoke pieces of plank were seen flying in the air, announcing the demolition of the box in the rear...On taking the target to pieces the shattering effect was found to have extended far beyond the limits of the hole...The whole of [the] inclosing planks were torn off and blown away by the explosion of the shell. One of the massive timber struts was also tom away from the target by the blast, and another was broken laterally by the same cause. The Engraving shows the appearance of the target and the sea immediately around it at the moment the shell burst; the fragments of the wood inclosure were sent into the air, and portions of the shell and the splinters were hurled into the surrounding water. This sketch was taken from a point in front of the barracks at Shoeburyness, and from it may be readily gathered an idea of the deadly nature of this ponderous missile'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Experiments with the Armstrong 600-pounder against the Warrior floating target, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE BOATS OF H.M.S. SUTLEJ AND DEVASTATION ATTACKING AN INDIAN VILLAGE IN CLAYOQUOT..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The boats of H.M.S. Sutlej and Devastation attacking an Indian village in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, 1864. Engraving from a sketch by Lieutenant Edward C. Hall. 'The British squadron...has lately been employed in chastising the Indian tribes...for some acts of piracy committed by them...Mr. Hankin...landed at the first native village they reached, in hopes of persuading the Indians to come to a parley or "waw-waw." But the village was deserted by its inhabitants...The Sutlej...stopped in front of the village...A native was seen there vehemently gesticulating as the ship drew near to the shore, and exclaiming, probably, at the loss of the canoes. Mr. Hankin...made him a prisoner, believing him to be one of the murderers, and brought him safe on board...After a "waw-waw" of nearly two hours they sent back a refusal to give up either. The Sutlej then came in and opened fire upon the village, which was soon knocked to pieces; but, to ensure its total destruction, Lieutenant Talbot, with boats, was sent in to set the huts on fire and bring away the canoes. In a few minutes the village was in flames and eleven canoes were towed off to the ship, the Indians firing but a few shots at Lieutenant Talbot's boat'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The boats of H.M.S. Sutlej and Devastation attacking an Indian village in Clayoquot..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE LATE FLOOD OF THE ARNO AT FLORENCE – FROM A SKETCH BY E. W. COOKE, R.A., 1864. CREATOR: MASON JACKSON.

The late flood of the Arno at Florence - from a sketch by E. W. Cooke, R.A., 1864. View of '...the flood which visited that city from the sudden rise of the river Arno, caused by a storm of rain...[Mr. Cooke writes:] The pent-up waters of the Mugnone and Amo, with their numerous tributary torrents from the vast amphitheatre of mountains surrounding Florence, suddenly burst into the valley, and rushed with irresistible force through the several bridges, rising in about six hours to the height of 17 ft...The scene...presented the extraordinary appearance of a turbulent sea, not of water, but of mud, mingled with the debris of forests, vineyards, and gardens...On Sunday evening the Lung'Arno was covered; the torrent flowing over the parapet of the massive wall inclosing the river. Thousands of people could not reach their homes...The sketch (taken from my window, on the Lung'Arno, looking south) represents the beautiful work of Ammanati (built in 1569), the Ponte della Trinità, with the Church of Santo Spirito and the Hill of Bellosguardo in the distance...the damage was confined to the houses and streets which are contiguous to the Arno; but in the flat portion of the surrounding country a large amount of property was destroyed or injured'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The late flood of the Arno at Florence – from a sketch by E. W. Cooke, R.A., 1864. Creator: Mason Jackson. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

SCENE OF THE FIRE AT DOCKHEAD, BERMONDSEY, SKETCHED ON SATURDAY MORNING, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Scene of the fire at Dockhead, Bermondsey, [London], sketched on Saturday morning, 1864. 'a great fire broke out in the waterside premises of Messrs. Barry Brothers, wharfingers and saltpetre merchants...The warehouses...contained many thousand tons of saltpetre, and, as a strong wind was blowing...the piles and blocks of saltpetre caught fire one after another, sending forth immense volumes of brightly-coloured flame and scattering smoke, ashes, and sparks...Adjoining this capacious warehouse stood another...termed the H Extension Warehouse. This building was filled with several thousand bales of jute, and in less than a quarter of an hour it also was wrapped in flames...It was impossible...to prevent the fire from spreading...The steam fire-engine of Messrs. Roberts...was supported by two steam floating-engines...upon the floors becoming ignited in which the saltpetre was stored, loud and fearful explosions took place in rapid succession, which blew down heavy brick walls and lifted the tiles and roofs...The flames lighted up all the shipping in the Thames...the water itself shone like an immense stream of liquid gold...The damage, which was confined mainly to the warehouses just mentioned and their contents, is estimated at about £80,000'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Scene of the fire at Dockhead, Bermondsey, sketched on Saturday morning, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

NERO AFTER THE BURNING OF ROME, BY CARL PILOTY, IN THE LATE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1862. CREATOR: W THOMAS.

Nero after the Burning of Rome, by Carl Piloty, in the late International Exhibition, 1862. Engraving of a painting. '...the tyrant is represented stalking forth...to survey the desolation left by the flames, which still rage in the distance...he sweeps along without pity, horror, or remorse. Softly, like a prowling tiger, he treads over crumbling, tesselated pavement, and among fallen calcined capitals and architrave. There is a covert and furtive buoyancy in the bloated figure, which seems strangely belied by the rounded, unmanly, disproportionate arm hanging all so nerveless and flaccid. He is crowned with roses, and draped, as he was wont to appear in public, with white chamber robes of delicate texture, left trailing loosely...He is preceded by hard-featured, impassive, brutalised guards, and black slaves bearing torches, and followed by servile favourites and associates. Well may innocent little children quail and cower from the monster; well may mourners beside their dead relatives heap curses on his head. To the left of the foreground lie, among the charred ruins, a group of Christian martyrs...with the Imperial edict against the Christians fixed on the crossed timbers to which they are bound'. From "Illustrated London News", 1862. Nero after the Burning of Rome, by Carl Piloty, in the late International Exhibition, 1862. Creator: W Thomas. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

BURNING OF THE UNITED STATES' MAIL-STEAMER ROANOKE, OFF ST. GEORGE'S, BERMUDA..., 1864. CREATOR: SMYTH.

Burning of the United States' mail-steamer Roanoke, off St. George's, Bermuda, on the 9th of October, 1864. Engraving from a sketch by one of the passengers. 'The captain and crew were surprised by a party of ten men...under the command of Lieutenant Braine, who went through the ship dressed in a naval uniform, exclaiming, "In the name of the Confederate States of America, I demand the surrender of this vessel as a lawful prize," and calling upon Captain Drew, the commander of the Roanoke, to surrender as a prisoner of war. The announcement was immediately followed by the discharge of several pistols, with which the attacking party were armed...Some of the officers of the Roanoke were put in irons for a few hours during the night, but the passengers were treated with the utmost civility and friendship. When the vessel arrived off Bermuda, it was Lieutenant Braine's purpose to bring her into the port of St. George's, lay in a stock of provisions and coals, then parole and land the passengers, officers, and crew, and take the vessel to Wilmington; but, it having been found impossible to take the vessel into the British port, the only thing he could do was to burn the Roanoke'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Burning of the United States' mail-steamer Roanoke, off St. George's, Bermuda..., 1864. Creator: Smyth. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

RUINS OF THE PATENT STEAM WHEEL-WORKS, PIMLICO, DESTROYED BY FIRE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Ruins of the Patent Steam Wheel-Works, Pimlico, [London], destroyed by fire, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. A. Bool. 'The buildings thus destroyed, consisting of three engine-houses with their boiler-houses, and the greater part of the workshops and warehouses for the stock, formed a very extensive series of buildings, which occupied a space of more than two acres, having a frontage with entrance-gates in Lower Belgrave-place. They were conspicuous by the lofty shaft of a brick chimney rising far above the surrounding housetops. It is fortunate, indeed, that tins tall chimney did not fall and crush everything near it when the roof, by which it was partly supported, gave way and came to the ground. The amount of property destroyed is many thousand pounds, and a great number of workmen in the service of Messrs. Smith, Parfrey, and Smith are thrown out of employment...Much praise is due to the firemen and conductors of the engines present on this occasion...though for many hours after its fury was suppressed there was a smouldering fire in the ruins'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Ruins of the Patent Steam Wheel-Works, Pimlico, destroyed by fire, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE WAR IN AMERICA: MARCH OF KERSHAW'S AND FITZ LEE'S DIVISIONS OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY..., 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The War in America: march of Kershaw's and Fitz Lee's divisions of the Confederate Army up the valley of Virginia, 1864. 'We have received, from our Special Artist and Correspondent with the army of the Confederate States in Virginia...sketches illustrative of the recent operations in the Shenandoah Valley...[The engraving shows] the march of the divisions commanded by Kershaw and Fitz Lee...on their way to form a junction with the forces under General Early, near Winchester...the valley...here spreads to such width that it should rather be called a plain. The Blue Ridge is seen in the distance, to our right hand; and to our left is the smoke and flame of burning villages which have just been visited by the Federal army. Our Special Artist, indeed, from his actual observation, testifies that, on this occasion, "the Federals retreated, burning and laying waste every homestead in their track; thereby reducing hundreds of families to absolute poverty and possible starvation" - treating the State of Virginia as a hostile country, but in a spirit of wanton destructiveness unknown to modern European warfare'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The War in America: march of Kershaw's and Fitz Lee's divisions of the Confederate Army..., 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

SCENE OF THE EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER MAGAZINES NEAR ERITH, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Scene of the explosion of gunpowder magazines near Erith, 1864. '...a general view, taken from the embankment looking down the river,...[after] the destructive explosion at the Belvedere powder-magazines, near Erith, on Saturday morning, the 1st October...[An] inquest has been held at Guy's Hospital, by Mr. Serjeant Payne, Coroner for the city of London, upon the bodies of two persons who died in the hospital of the injuries which they received at Belvedere...it appeared that two barges, which had brought gunpowder from the mills at Faversham, were lying at the jetty belonging to their magazine at Belvedere when the explosion took place; and it is supposed that one of them was unloading at that moment...The jury found a verdict declaring that the two persons who died at the hospital were killed by the explosion of gunpowder, but how that explosion had originated there was no evidence to show. The jury, however, were of opinion "that the practice of allowing stoves or lights of any description on board the gunpowder barges should be discontinued".' From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Scene of the explosion of gunpowder magazines near Erith, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE EXPLOSION OF A GUNPOWDER MAGAZINE NEAR ERITH: RUINS OF SILVER'S HOUSE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The explosion of a gunpowder magazine near Erith: ruins of Rayner's house, 1864. Engraving from '...a photograph taken with the newly-invented panoramic camera by the "London Pantascopic Company," of Red Lion-square...[View of]...the remains of the house of Walter Silver, foreman in the service of the Low Wood Company...[after] the destructive explosion at the Belvedere powder-magazines, near Erith, on Saturday morning, the 1st October...From the evidence...[given at the inquest,] it appeared that two barges, which had brought gunpowder from the mills at Faversham, were lying at the jetty belonging to their magazine at Belvedere when the explosion took place; and it is supposed that one of them was unloading at that moment...The jury [at the inquest] found a verdict declaring that the two persons who died at the hospital were killed by the explosion of gunpowder, but how that explosion had originated there was no evidence to show. The jury however, were of opinion "that the practice of allowing stoves or lights of any description on board the gunpowder barges should be discontinued".' From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The explosion of a gunpowder magazine near Erith: ruins of Silver's house, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE EXPLOSION OF A GUNPOWDER MAGAZINE NEAR ERITH: RUINS OF RAYNER’S HOUSE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The explosion of a gunpowder magazine near Erith: ruins of Rayner's house, 1864. Illustration of '...what is left of the house of George Rayner, storekeeper to the magazine of Messrs. John Hall and Sons...[after] the destructive explosion at the Belvedere powder-magazines, near Erith, on Saturday morning, the 1st October...From the evidence...[given at the inquest,] it appeared that two barges, which had brought gunpowder from the mills at Faversham, were lying at the jetty belonging to their magazine at Belvedere when the explosion took place; and it is supposed that one of them was unloading at that moment...The jury [at the inquest] found a verdict declaring that the two persons who died at the hospital were killed by the explosion of gunpowder, but how that explosion had originated there was no evidence to show. The jury however, were of opinion "that the practice of allowing stoves or lights of any description on board the gunpowder barges should be discontinued".' From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The explosion of a gunpowder magazine near Erith: ruins of Rayner’s house, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

THE GREAT FIRE IN THE CITY: RUINS OF HABERDASHERS' HALL, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

The Great Fire in the City: ruins of Haberdashers' Hall, [City of London], 1864. 'In a conflagration of a calamitous extent...one of the oldest of our civic halls - that of the Haberdashers' Company - has been almost reduced to roofless walls and blackened rafters...The ancient hall of the Haberdashers, with many of the company's records and property of much value, were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666...In the year after the Fire, 1667, the rebuilding of the hall was commenced by Wren...The banqueting-room was lofty and spacious, and had a screen and music-gallery...The arms of distinguished members were emblazoned on the hall windows, six of which, on the south side, had been completed this year, but are destroyed; and the front of the gallery is described as decorated with some of [Grinling] Gibbons's carving. The pictures, we are glad to hear, are saved: they are interesting memorials, though not of artistic merit. We regret that so many of the City halls closely adjoin warehouses, or are in part let for business, and are thus more liable to be destroyed by fire. In times when the halls had their gardens this dread was not felt'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Great Fire in the City: ruins of Haberdashers' Hall, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

RUINS OF THE VILLAGE OF BILLINGHAY, LINCOLNSHIRE, AFTER THE LATE FIRE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.

Ruins of the village of Billinghay, Lincolnshire, after the late fire, 1864. 'We give a View of the ruins of a part of the village of Billinghay, which was destroyed by fire on Friday, the 9th September. The fire, it seems, was caused by the sparks from a foul chimney falling upon the roof of a thatched hovel in a yard belonging to William Scott, wood-dealer. The wind at the time was blowing a gale from the west, and the burning straw was blown upon a thatched cottage belonging to Robert Newton, a carrier between Sleaford and Lincoln. This building was completely gutted, as well as the stable and carthouse, with other buildings. The flames extended across the road in an easterly direction and reached a row of cottages on the other side of the street. The Primitive Methodist Chapel was burnt, as well as nearly all the houses in the immediate neighbourhood of the fire. The loss will fall very heavily upon the sufferers, few of whom are insured; and, as they are generally of the poorer class, the result is most distressing. Nearly one hundred men, women, and children have to be accommodated with temporary lodgings in the village school-room'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Ruins of the village of Billinghay, Lincolnshire, after the late fire, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)

RUINS IN THE SOMME, 3 AUG 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Ruins in the Somme, 3 Aug 1918 (date created or published later). Buildings damaged during World War I in the Somme department, France. Ruins in the Somme, 3 Aug 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

VERDUN - GARDEN & SYNAGOGUE NEAR POLBOULHOT ST. [RUE DES FRE`RES BOULHAUT], BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Verdun - Garden & Synagogue near Polboulhot St. [Rue des Fre`res Boulhaut], between c1915 and 1918. The ruins of the Synagogue of Verdun that was damaged during World War I in Verdun, France. Verdun - Garden & Synagogue near Polboulhot St. [Rue des Fre`res Boulhaut], between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

VERDUN - LAURENT PRINTING SHOP, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Verdun - Laurent printing shop, between c1915 and 1918. The synagogue of Verdun and a print shop that were damaged during World War I in Verdun, France. Verdun - Laurent printing shop, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

HAM - NOYON ST. & NIDE BLVD., BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Ham - Noyon St. & Nide Blvd., between c1915 and c1920. A street in Ham, Somme department, France with buildings damaged during World War I. Ham - Noyon St. & Nide Blvd., between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

AT ARRAS, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

At Arras, between c1915 and 1918. The Cha^teau of Tilloloy, France which was damaged during World War I. At Arras, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ORGAN IN CATHEDRAL AT PERONNE, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Organ in cathedral at Peronne, between c1915 and 1918. An organ in the ruins of the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Pe´ronne in Pe´ronne, France during World War I. Organ in cathedral at Peronne, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ALBERT - HEAD OF VIRGIN IN NOTRE DAME DE BREBIERES CHURCH, 26 AUG 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Albert - Head of Virgin in Notre Dame de Brebieres Church, 26 Aug 1918 (date created or published later). The head of a statue of the Virgin Mary (La Madone aux brebis by Euge`ne Delaplanche) which was in the Basilique Notre-Dame de Brebiere (Basilica Notre-Dame of Brebieres) in Albert. Albert - Head of Virgin in Notre Dame de Brebieres Church, 26 Aug 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

VERDUN, ENTRANCE TO ARCHBISHOP'S PALACE, 1916. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Verdun, entrance to Archbishop's Palace, 1916. Damage done to the Archbishop's Palace in Verdun, France during World War I. Verdun, entrance to Archbishop's Palace, 1916. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CHURCH AT LASSIGNY, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Church at Lassigny, between c1915 and c1920. The ruins of the church of Saint Cre´pin et Saint Cre´pinien in Lassigny, France during World War I. Church at Lassigny, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

PAS DE CALAIS, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Pas De Calais, between c1915 and c1920. Ruins at Pas de Calais, France during World War I. Pas De Calais, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

HERLEVILLE, 1916. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Herleville, 1916. The ruins of a church in Herleville, France during World War I. Herleville, 1916. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CHURCH AT ARRAS, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Church at Arras, between c1915 and 1918. The town hall (ho^tel de ville) and bell tower in Arras, France which was bombed on November 13, 1914 during World War I. Church at Arras, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

REMBERCOURT-AUX-POTS, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Rembercourt-Aux-Pots, between c1915 and c1920. Ruins in the town of Rembercourt-Aux-Pots (now Rembercourt-Sommaisne), France during World War I. Rembercourt-Aux-Pots, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

VILLAGE IN THE SOMME, ENTRANCE TO ALBERT, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Village in the Somme, entrance to Albert, between c1915 and c1920. Damage from World War I in Albert, a commune in the Somme department in Picardy in northern France. Village in the Somme, entrance to Albert, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

GUISCARD, 28 MAR 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Guiscard, 28 Mar 1918 (date created or published later). Damage to buildings from World War I in Guiscard, Oise department, northern France. Guiscard, 28 Mar 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SOMME DISTRICT, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Somme district, between c1915 and 1918. Buildings damaged during World War I in the Somme department, France. Somme district, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CHATEAU, SOMME DISTRICT, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Chateau, Somme district, between c1915 and c1920. A chateau in the Somme department, France, that was damaged during World War I. Chateau, Somme district, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

SOMME DISTRICT, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Somme district, between c1915 and 1918. Buildings damaged during World War I in the Somme department, France. Somme district, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

CHURCH, BELLEVILLE, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Church, Belleville, between c1915 and 1918. Ruins of Saint-Jean-Baptiste church, Verdun, France, during World War I. Church, Belleville, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

RUINS OF SENLIS, BETWEEN C1915 AND C1920. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Ruins of Senlis, between c1915 and c1920. Damage from World War I in Senlis, part of the province of l'Oise in the region of Picardy in the north of France. Ruins of Senlis, between c1915 and c1920. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BRITISH GUNS BOMBARD GERMANS, AUG 1916. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

British guns bombard Germans, Aug 1916. Three 8 inch howitzers of 39th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA), firing from the Fricourt-Mametz Valley during the Battle of the Somme, August 1916 during World War I. British guns bombard Germans, Aug 1916. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

KING GEO. VIEWS PERONNE, 13 JUL 1917. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

King Geo. views Peronne, 13 Jul 1917. King George V, Edward, Prince of Wales, and Gen. Julian Byng visiting the ruins of Peronne, France during World War I. King Geo. views Peronne, 13 Jul 1917. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

ALBERT CHURCH & [FALLING] MADONNA, BETWEEN C1915 AND 1918. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Albert Church & [falling] Madonna, between c1915 and 1918. The Basilica of Notre-Dame de Brebie`res, Albert, Sommes, France after the sculpture of Mary and Jesus at the top of the tower was hit by a shell on Jan. 15, 1915, and before it fell in April 1918, during World War I. Albert Church & [falling] Madonna, between c1915 and 1918. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BRITISH LIQUID FIRE ATTACK, 7 JUL 1917. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

British liquid fire attack, 7 Jul 1917. Liquid fire demonstration during King George V's visit to the Gas School, Helfaut, France, July 7, 1917 during World War I. British liquid fire attack, 7 Jul 1917. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)

BOMB WRECKED HOUSES, YARMOUTH, 1915. CREATOR: BAIN NEWS SERVICE.

Bomb wrecked houses, Yarmouth, 1915. Homes in Great Yarmouth, England which were damaged by bombs dropped by the German Zeppelin L3 on January 19, 1915 during World War I. Bomb wrecked houses, Yarmouth, 1915. Creator: Bain News Service. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/HERITAGE ART)