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(RM) 609546492
SECTIONS OF THE HULL OF H.M.S. TERPSICHORE, SHOWING EFFECT OF THE TORPEDO EXPLOSION AT CHATHAM, 1865 CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Sections of the hull of H.M.S. Terpsichore, showing effect of the torpedo explosion at Chatham, 1865. Official drawings '...by Mr. P. Thornton, Master Shipwright of Chatham Dockyard, showing the exact amount of damage that was inflicted upon the hull of the old 18-gun frigate Terpsichore by the explosion of the two 75-pounders [during] the very striking experiments with Mr. Beardslee's submarine torpedoes, or explosive shells...in the River Medway. No. 3 shows the relative positions of the ship, the torpedo, and the boat from which it was fired by an electric wire: the figure a representing the place where the boat lay when the torpedo was lowered from its side; while the figure b shows the place to which the boat had been removed before the signal of firing the torpedo was given...No. 1 shows the general longitudinal lines of the ship, with the hole made by the explosion of the torpedo...An enlarged view of a portion of the outside planking around this hole is also given. No. 2 presents a cross section of the vessel, showing very minutely how her timbers were shivered. In the parts marked a, the knees are seen as broken through the throat - viz., two on the starboard and four on the port side'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Sections of the hull of H.M.S. Terpsichore, showing effect of the torpedo explosion at Chatham, 1865 Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609546478
ASCENT OF MR. COXWELL'S GREAT BALLOON FROM THE CRYSTAL PALACE GROUNDS, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Ascent of Mr. Coxwell's Great Balloon from the Crystal Palace grounds, 1865. 'Mr. Coxwell's balloon, named the Research...is composed of fifty gores, each gore being 44 in. wide at the centre and 105 ft. long. It contains about 112,000 cubic feet of gas...It had rained heavily during the afternoon...Mr. Coxwell remarks, "the lower cloud, one widespread mass, hung heavily over the Crystal Palace, and the tops of the towers were partially obscured...In less than one minute we were lost to sight...the rain ran down the sides of the balloon and covered us by shooting down the neck...in one of the darkest clouds I had ever passed through, it was evident we had entered the very fountain of rainfall...I observed a peculiar vibratory motion of the balloon and car, such as accompanies its passage from still air to an aerial wave of wind and storm. I inferred that we were either entering a fresh current or moving upwards with a spiral motion...On getting 3000 ft. elevation we decided that, as there was little enjoyment to be had, it was better to [look] for a landing-place...We alighted very gently on the grounds of Mr. Peter H. Desvignes, at Lewisham." That gentleman...gave Mr. Cox well and his companions a most hospitable and kindly welcome'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Ascent of Mr. Coxwell's Great Balloon from the Crystal Palace grounds, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609546193
EXPERIMENTS WITH TORPEDO-SHELLS AT CHATHAM: BLOWING-UP OF THE TERPSICHORE BY A 75-POUNDER, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: blowing-up of the Terpsichore by a 75-pounder, 1865. 'Preparations were now made for destroying the Terpsichore, 18-gun sailing-frigate, which had been placed at the disposal of Mr. Beardslee by the Admiralty in order to put the destructive powers of the torpedo to the most practical test...a couple of 75-lb. torpedos were taken...close alongside the Terpsichore and there sunk...after a momentary pause, came the stifled report of both the torpedos at once, and the Terpsichore suddenly rose at her bows 10 ft. or 12 ft. into the air and heeled over on her starboard side, while great masses of water burst up through her decks, her whole frame being convulsed and heaving as with agony, till she began to settle down forwards. In another moment her stem stood up at an acute angle, and her bow sank deeper and deeper...The mischief she had received would seem to be a broken back; for she still continued to go down by the head, until, in about five minutes from her first movement, she lay fast aground in the Medway mud on an even keel, with the tide, now at three-quarters ebb, up to within a few inches of her portholes'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: blowing-up of the Terpsichore by a 75-pounder, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609546188
EXPERIMENTS WITH TORPEDO-SHELLS AT CHATHAM: EXPLOSION OF A 440-POUNDER, 1865. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: explosion of a 440-pounder, 1865. '...Mr. Donald M'Kay, the extensive shipowner, of Boston,...has undertaken to help in introducing the contrivance of Messrs. Wood and Beardslee to the Governments and public of Europe. Mr. Beardslee...had sunk a torpedo charged with 440 lb. of powder in the mud and sand off Gillingham Point, at the entrance to Chatham Harbour... A boat's crew was dispatched from the operator's barge to establish electrical communication with the sunken shell, which was to be fired through a length of two miles of wire. This preliminary completed and the train all ready for firing...in an instant there rose from the placid bosom of the river high into the air a huge column of water, in shape and action much resembling those great waterspouts occasionally witnessed by sailors in mid-ocean...The splendid volumes of snow-white feathery spray soared quickly to a height of little less than 200 ft., and then fell gently again in exquisitely graceful curves into the vortex whence they had risen, leaving no trace of themselves behind, save a slowly-expanding circle of bubbling, foaming water, the muddy, yeasty aspect of which showed that the river had been stirred to its lowest depths'. From "Illustrated London News", 1865. Experiments with torpedo-shells at Chatham: explosion of a 440-pounder, 1865. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609543401
MR. COXWELL'S HIGH-LEVEL BALLOON AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Mr. Coxwell's high-level balloon at the Crystal Palace, 1864. '...the new balloon, named "The Britannia"...has been constructed for the use of Mr. Coxwell and Mr. James Glaisher in their frequent ascents for the scientific purpose of exploring the upper regions of the atmosphere. The "High-Level Balloon"...was examined with much interest by numerous visitors to the Crystal Palace while lying half inflated on the floor of the western transept previously to its first ascent, which took place on the 11th June. The balloon on this occasion rose to a height of two miles, and, after remaining in the air for nearly two hours, was allowed to descend...near Rainham, in Essex. Eight passengers were in the car, including Mr. Coxwell, who then made his 507th aerial trip. The second ascent took place on Monday, the 13th, at seven o'clock. Mr. Glaisher and a party of officers in the Guards...accompanied Mr. Coxwell on this occasion. They did not, however, attain a greater elevation than 3500 ft., and, after crossing the Thames, as in the former trip, the balloon was lowered near Brentwood, in Essex...Its capabilities, therefore, have not yet been severely tested, but, with the exception of M. Nadar's "monster," it is the largest that has yet been made'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Mr. Coxwell's high-level balloon at the Crystal Palace, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609543097
STATUE OF JOHN HUNTER, BY H. WEEKES, R.A., IN THE EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Statue of John Hunter, by H. Weekes, R.A., in the Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1864. 'John Hunter...is, by common consent of his successors, esteemed the greatest man that ever practised surgery amongst us...by indefatigable industry and by concentrating upon his subsequent studies a mind that was at once eminently practical and philosophical, he mastered all that was then learnt of physiology, comparative anatomy, and the allied sciences...His wonderful museum, the nucleus of the grand collection of the Royal College of Surgeons, in Lincoln's- inn-fields, was sold at his death to Government for £15,000, in order to pay the debts which he had incurred by its formation...a public subscription...[of] a thousand guineas, [was raised] for a monument to his memory... and the result is the very fine statue...[by Mr. Henry Weekes, R.A. which] is now at the Royal Academy; but will be placed...in the Museum of the College of Surgeons. The sculptor's authority for the likeness was the well- known portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds...The statue is somewhat above life-size...A scroll of paper at the feet, with the outlines of several skulls engraved upon it...serve to indicate the direction of [Hunter's] thoughts and the nature of his researches'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Statue of John Hunter, by H. Weekes, R.A., in the Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609542823
THE AGINCOURT TARGET, EXPERIMENTED ON BY THE MACKAY GUN, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
The Agincourt Target, experimented on by the Mackay Gun, 1864. Engraving from a photograph by Mr. J. Wilson of tests on '...the gun invented by Mr. James Mackay...and manufactured by the Mersey Steel and Ironworks Company. It has been tried at various ranges against a target similar to the sides of the iron-clad steamer Agincourt...[The] gun is of wrought iron, weighs nine tons, has a bore of 8'12 inches...The target consisted of an outer plate, 7 ft. square and 5½ in. thick, of rolled iron; next came 9 in. of teak, then an inner plate or skin three fourths of an inch thick, then angle iron and ribbing, and finally a backing up with timber balks and supports 18 in. thick. The plates, also made by the Mersey Steel and Iron Co., were the best that can be made of rolled iron... In the centre of the target was a 9-in, bull's-eye, and a centre ring about 3ft. in diameter. On the right upper corner of this centre the ball had penetrated about 2 ft. 5 in. from the right edge, and 6 in. from the bottom edge of the upper plate. There was a displacement...to the right, of about 2½ in.; and this, together with the fearful damage occasioned to the angle-iron, teak backing, and supports, rendered the target perfectly useless for further experiments'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. The Agincourt Target, experimented on by the Mackay Gun, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609485885
EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ARMSTRONG 600-POUNDER AGAINST THE WARRIOR FLOATING TARGET, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Experiments with the Armstrong 600-pounder against the Warrior floating target, 1864. 'The sight presented by the target when struck was very grand. The shell, from its enormous size, was distinctly seen throughout its flight of 1000 yards from the gun to the target, and as the shell exploded an immense volume of smoke and flame instantly enveloped the target. Above the smoke pieces of plank were seen flying in the air, announcing the demolition of the box in the rear...On taking the target to pieces the shattering effect was found to have extended far beyond the limits of the hole...The whole of [the] inclosing planks were torn off and blown away by the explosion of the shell. One of the massive timber struts was also tom away from the target by the blast, and another was broken laterally by the same cause. The Engraving shows the appearance of the target and the sea immediately around it at the moment the shell burst; the fragments of the wood inclosure were sent into the air, and portions of the shell and the splinters were hurled into the surrounding water. This sketch was taken from a point in front of the barracks at Shoeburyness, and from it may be readily gathered an idea of the deadly nature of this ponderous missile'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Experiments with the Armstrong 600-pounder against the Warrior floating target, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609485880
EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ARMSTRONG 600-POUNDER AGAINST THE WARRIOR FLOATING TARGET, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Section of the Warrior floating target, showing the hole made by the 600-pound shell and the displacement of the upper plate, 1864. Diagram of '...a section through the target as it would appear if cut vertically through the centre of the hole made by the shell...the target was composed externally of armour plating 4½ in. thick, resting upon and bolted to a solid backing of teak 18 in. thick, which backing was again supported by an inner plating and framework representing the body of the ship...On taking the target to pieces the shattering effect was found to have extended far beyond the limits of the hole...Previous to the practice the timber supports at the back of the target were covered with planks strongly nailed to the timbers...The whole of these inclosing planks were torn off and blown away by the explosion of the shell. One of the massive timber struts was also tom away from the target by the blast, and another was broken laterally by the same cause. The shell appears to have exploded just as it entered the timber-backing, and it made a hole in the back of the target about four times as large as that in the front...The displacement of the armour plate and the damage to the timber backing is clearly shown in our Engraving'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Experiments with the Armstrong 600-pounder against the Warrior floating target, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609482595
EXPERIMENTING PONDS AT THE HUNINGUE FISH NURSERIES, FRANCE, 1864. CREATOR: MASON JACKSON.
Experimenting ponds at the Huningue Fish Nurseries, France, 1864. 'France has been the first country to make a commercial use of the discovery [of pisciculture, or fish-breeding]...It is now over twenty years since the French people began the systematic breeding of fish on the artificial principle - i. e., spawning and fecundating by hand manipulation...Millions of eggs are annually collected by the explorateurs of the establishment, and, with a small percentage of loss, these are successfully hatched - first for a brief period at Huningue, and afterwards in the particular water which they are designed to populate. The establishment at Huningue...has been very well and cheaply administered, the annual expenses not being much over £2000, which, when we consider that it collects and distributes from fifteen to twenty millions of fish eggs per annum, cannot be considered at all extravagant...There is, of course, an abundant supply of all kinds of water, and the ponds are used for studying the rate of growth of such of the fish as are kept for study. The principal fishes manipulated for at Huningue are the Rhine and Danube salmon, the Ombre chevalier, the lake and river trout, and the fera - a very plentiful fish'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Experimenting ponds at the Huningue Fish Nurseries, France, 1864. Creator: Mason Jackson. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
(RM) 609482345
IL GOMBO, NEAR PISA, THE ACCLIMATISATION FARM OF HIS MAJESTY VICTOR EMMANUEL, 1864. CREATOR: UNKNOWN.
Il Gombo, near Pisa, the Acclimatisation Farm of His Majesty Victor Emmanuel, 1864. Engraving from a sketch by M. Mariani. 'Il Gombo...occupies an extensive space on the Tuscan shore of the Mediterranean...in the verdant Pisan meadows more than two thousand wild cows feed at liberty; they afford but little milk, and are kept...for the production of calves and as a source of veal supply for the population of Pisa. A vast number of horses are also bred at the "cascina"; last year they exceeded fifteen hundred. But the greatest curiosity of this important farm is the herd of upwards of two hundred camels. About thirty of these animals are employed in the labours of the farm...but the remainder wander in perfect freedom in the midst of the pine forests...Although comparatively in its infancy, the farm is already rich in the possession of useful animals, many of the best specimens having been offered to his Majesty by the acclimatisation societies of England and France. The climate of the Pisan district is very favourable to the health and propagation of the animals imported, and the mildness of its winter and the ordinary tranquillity of the atmosphere are advantages which other establishments in Europe of a similar nature do not possess'. From "Illustrated London News", 1864. Il Gombo, near Pisa, the Acclimatisation Farm of His Majesty Victor Emmanuel, 1864. Creator: Unknown. (KEYSTONE/HERITAGE IMAGES/THE PRINT COLLECTOR)
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