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David Livingstone (1813-1873), the Scottish missionary whose explorations in Africa helped map the continent's interior. Livingstone trained as a physician before being ordained as a missionary in 1840. A year later he arrived in Botswana, where he worked for some years before travelling north to discover Lake Ngami and Victoria Falls (named after Queen Victoria) in 1855. In 1866 he returned to Africa to find the source of the Nile, but ended up exploring the Congo by mistake and falling ill. The explorer Henry Stanley found him in Tanzania in 1871, and they set out together in search of the Nile but Livingstone died in Zambia. Seen here holding a sextant (left) & chronometer. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)