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British anthropologist and archeologist Mary Leakey (1913-1996) at the site of the fossil remains of a prehistoric Deinotherium ("terrible beast"). The Deinotherium was a massive elephant-like creature with tusks in its lower jaw. Note the four-foot measuring rod lying beside the tusks. Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, Africa. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE SOURCE/Des Bartlett)