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Homo habilis skull from Koobi Fora, Kenya, dated to 1.8 million years old. Homo habilis had a larger brain, a shorter jaw and smaller chewing muscles, compared with its australopithecine relatives. A team led by palaeontologists Louis and Mary Leakey uncovered the fossilized remains between 1960 and 1963 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. These fossils were speculated to be a new species, and called Homo habilis ('handy man'), because they suspected that it was this slightly larger-brained early human that made the thousands of stone tools also found at Olduvai Gorge. (KEYSTONE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/SINCLAIR STAMMERS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)