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In this Aug. 16, 2019, photo, Brian Rougeux, NYU Field Safety Officer, walks after installing a flag to help identify a GPS position at the Helheim glacier, in Greenland. Summer 2019 is hitting the island hard with record-shattering heat and extreme melt. Scientists estimate that by the end of the summer, about 440 billion tons of ice, maybe more, will have melted or calved off Greenland's giant ice sheet. Helheim glacier has shrunk about 6 miles (10 kilometers) since scientists visited in 2005. (AP Photo/Felipe Dana)