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ELECTIONS ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013

Students perform exercises at Escuela Militar del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, or the Liberator Bernardo O'Higgins Military School, on November 17. Founded in 1817, the school has been a training ground for Chilean military officers for nearly two centuries. Gen. Augusto Pinochet graduated from the school in the 1930s. His coup in 1973 ushered in a dictatorship that lasted until 1990. The presidential election on November 17 was the sixth since the dictatorship ended. ..Forty years after the coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

Located in Santiago, Chile, the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (in Spanish: Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos) is dedicated to commemorate the victims of human rights violations during the military dictatorship led by Gen. Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. On January 11, 2010, then-President Michelle Bachelet inaugurated the museum. ..Forty years after the coup, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

Located in Santiago, Chile, the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (in Spanish: Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos) is a dedicated to commemorate the victims of human rights violations during the military dictatorship led by Gen. Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. On January 11, 2010, then-President Michelle Bachelet inaugurated the museum. ..Forty years after the coup, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

Located in Santiago, Chile, the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (in Spanish: Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos) is a dedicated to commemorate the victims of human rights violations during the military dictatorship led by Gen. Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. On January 11, 2010, then-President Michelle Bachelet inaugurated the museum. ..Forty years after the coup, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

After the coup d'etat in 1973 forces loyal to Gen. Augusto Pinochet were infamous for killing and throwing political dissidents' bodies in the Mapocho River in Santiago, Chile. ..Forty years later, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. husband, two sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

Salvador Allende Gossens was a Chilean physician and politician who became the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections. Deposed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet on September 11, 1973, Allende either committed suicide or was killed by military forces. For a long time Allende was buried in an unmarked grave in Viña del Mar, a small coastal town outside of Santiago. In 1990 his body was moved to a small grave in Santiago's General Cemetery. Allende's body later was placed in a far more substantial tomb. ..Forty years after the coup, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

Located in Santiago, Chile, the Museum of Memory and Human Rights (in Spanish: Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos) is a dedicated to commemorate the victims of human rights violations during the military dictatorship led by Gen. Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. On January 11, 2010, then-President Michelle Bachelet inaugurated the museum. ..Forty years after the coup, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. .. Santiago, Villa Grimaldi is considered the most important and infamous of DINA's (Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional, the Chilean secret police) many places that were used for the detention, interrogation and torture of political prisoners during Gen. Augusto's Pinochet's dictatorship. The former social club was open from 1974 to 1978. About 4,500 detainees were brought to Villa Grimaldi during these years, at least 240 of whom were "disappeared" or killed by DINA. Rebuilt from survivors' memo (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

The Aviation Fountain lies in the Providencia neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. Secret police organization DINA (Direction for National Intelligence) was headquartered in Providencia during the dictatorship that lasted from 1973 to 1990...Forty years after the coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

The Aviation Fountain lies in the Providencia neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. Secret police organization DINA (Direction for National Intelligence) was headquartered in Providencia during the dictatorship that lasted from 1973 to 1990...Forty years after the coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

The Aviation Fountain lies in the Providencia neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. Secret police organization DINA (Direction for National Intelligence) was headquartered in Providencia during the dictatorship that lasted from 1973 to 1990...Forty years after the coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two sons and daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

A statue of Salvador Allende Gossens is guarded by a carabinero outside of La Moneda, Chile's presidential palace. A military coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet forced Allende from power on September 11, 1973. ..Forty years later, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)

MEMORY ENDURING RIFTS CHILE 2013 BY JON LOWENSTEIN

A statue of Salvador Allende Gossens is guarded by a carabinero outside of La Moneda, Chile's presidential palace. A military coup headed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet forced Allende from power on September 11, 1973. ..Forty years later, Chile remains a wounded, divided nation where the past lives in the present. ..The nation's enduring rifts are visible in the glaring contrast between the entrenched poverty in Santiago's shantytowns and the country's elite, who enriched themselves during the dictatorship. ..History is alive in the homes of people like Ana Gonzalez, a woman whose husband, two of her sons and pregnant daughter-in-law were disappeared during the dictatorship. ..And it's a force in the November presidential election featuring Michelle Bachelet and Evelyn Matthei. The daughters of Air Force Generals played together as children, but their lives were changed permanently by the coup. ..Matthei's father Fernando joined the junta. Bachelet's father Alberto remained loyal to Salvador Allende and the constitution, paying for that decision with his life. ..Yet there are also glimmerings of Chile's coming to terms with its bloody past. Among the most important: this September 11 saw an unprecedented outpouring of memory-related activity. (KEYSTONE/NOOR/Jon Lowenstein)