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German-French War (1870-1871)
On 19 July 1870, six days after the Ems dispatch, the French Emperor Napoleon III declared war on Prussia and ordered its mobilisation. The Franco-Prussian War from 1870 to 1871 was a military conflict between France on the one hand and the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership on the other. The conflict was triggered by the dispute between France and Prussia over the question of Spain's candidacy for the throne. Within a few weeks of late summer 1870, large parts of the French armies were defeated. Immediately after the Battle of Sedan in northern France, on 2 September, Emperor Napoleon III went into captivity. As a result, a provisional national government was formed in Paris, which continued the war and thus created the basis for the Third French Republic. Like the imperial government, the new one was not able to achieve significant military success. Of the great battles, all were lost to France throughout the war. Nevertheless, it was not until February 1871, after the fall of Paris, that the French government found itself ready for the preliminary peace of Versailles. Officially, the war ended on 10 May 1871 with the Peace of Frankfurt.(wp)
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