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GREECE NATO EXERCISE

Special forces from Greece participate in the Steadfast Dart 2025 exercise, involving some 10,000 troops in three different countries from nine nations and represent the largest NATO operation planned this year, in Nea Anchialos, central Greece, Thursday, Feb. 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)

RUSSIA POLAND ROMANIA DRONES

FILE - Smoke rises as Poland is staging its biggest military exercise of the year this week, bringing together more than 30,000 troops from the Polish armed forces and allied NATO nations in Orzysz, Poland, on Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Czarek Sokolowski, File)

ROMANIA NATO EXERCISE

A Scottish piper attached to British troops plays the pipe at the end of the Steadfast Dart 2025 exercise, involving some 10,000 troops in three different countries from nine nations and represent the largest NATO operation planned this year, at a training range in Smardan, eastern Romania, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)

GREENLAND NATO MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces pose for a photo during an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GREENLAND NATO MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

LATVIA NATO DEFENCE

epa12514142 Troops of NATO Multinational Brigade Latvia (MNB-LVA) participate in military exercise Resolute Warrior in Adazi Military Base, Latvia, 09 November 2025. MNB-LVA conducts exercise Resolute Warrior in Latvia from 02 till 10 November to test and improve its combat capabilities. EPA/TOMS KALNINS

NETHERLANDS DEFENSE

epa12367707 A reconnaissance unit looks through binoculars during a large-scale airborne assault exercise in Zoutkamp, the Netherlands, in which aircraft from various NATO partners dropped some 500 fully equipped French, Polish, and Dutch military paratroopers with the task of clearing the Marnehuizen training village of enemy troops, 10 September 2025. EPA/SIESE VEENSTRA

GREENLAND MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in the Arctic Ocean in Nuuk, Greenland, Monday, Sept. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11959024 Lithuanian Land Force soldiers attend the Allied Spirit 25 exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 12 March 2025. Allied Spirit 25 is a recurring exercise taking place at the 7th Army Training Command Joint Multinational Readiness Center and designed to prepare a multinational brigade in support of NATO deterrence initiatives. EPA/HANNIBAL HANSCHKE

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11959003 A British soldier of a gun battery attends the Allied Spirit 25 exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 12 March 2025. Allied Spirit 25 is a recurring exercise taking place at the 7th Army Training Command Joint Multinational Readiness Center and designed to prepare a multinational brigade in support of NATO deterrence initiatives. EPA/HANNIBAL HANSCHKE

GERMANY DEFENSE NATO EXERCISES

epa11887584 A US Army soldier attends a competition called the 'Tanker Olympic' during the 'U.S. Army Europe and Africa International Tank Challenge' exercise at the military training area in Grafenwoehr, Germany, 11 February 2025. Battle tank crews compete with each other in a physically challenging obstacle course. Tank crews from Denmark, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland, and the U.S. Army take part in this competing exercise, which runs from 07 to 20 February and tests competitors' marksmanship skills, physical prowess, and mental agility while engaging in teambuilding competitions. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11959084 A soldier wears batch with the US flag during the Allied Spirit 25 exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 12 March 2025. Allied Spirit 25 is a recurring exercise taking place at the 7th Army Training Command Joint Multinational Readiness Center and designed to prepare a multinational brigade in support of NATO deterrence initiatives. EPA/HANNIBAL HANSCHKE

GREECE NATO EXERCISE

Special forces from Greece stand after the end of the second day of the Steadfast Dart 2025 exercise, involving some 10,000 troops in three different countries from nine nations and represent the largest NATO operation planned this year, in Nea Anchialos, central Greece, Thursday, Feb. 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11873294 A US army Low Altitude Stalking and Strike Ordnance (LASSO) program operator attends the Combined Resolve 25-1 military exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 03 February 2025. The Combined Resolve 25-1, a US Army exercise with NATO Allies and partners, is held from from 17 January to 16 February 2025 at the US Army's Hohenfels training area. Approximately 4,000 participants are involved in the exercise, with Poland's 11th Armoured Cavalry Division operating as the High Command. Exercise is a recurring exercise designed by the U.S. Army Europe - Africa to prepare a multinational brigade for support of NATO deterrence initiatives and overall readiness of Allies and partners in a dynamic security environment. Allied and partner nations participating in Combined Resolve 25-1 are Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11873291 A US army soldier handles a Ghost-X drone during the Combined Resolve 25-1 military exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 03 February 2025. The Combined Resolve 25-1, a US Army exercise with NATO Allies and partners, is held from from 17 January to 16 February 2025 at the US Army's Hohenfels training area. Approximately 4,000 participants are involved in the exercise, with Poland's 11th Armoured Cavalry Division operating as the High Command. Exercise is a recurring exercise designed by the U.S. Army Europe - Africa to prepare a multinational brigade for support of NATO deterrence initiatives and overall readiness of Allies and partners in a dynamic security environment. Allied and partner nations participating in Combined Resolve 25-1 are Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET

NETHERLANDS NATO DEFFENSE

epa12402170 A 3D-printed unmanned vessel is operated during a NATO's Maritime Special Operations Forces with sea drones as part of the Operational Experimentation Exercise Bold Machina (BOMA) in Den Helder, Netherlands, 24 September 2025. EPA/KOEN VAN WEEL

NORTH MACEDONIA MILITARY EXERCISE

epa12917306 Members of the Light Infantry Battalion Group of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia take part in the 'Blesok 2026' (Flash 26) military exercise at the Krivolak military training area near Negotino, North Macedonia, 27 April 2026. NATO evaluators assessed the Light Infantry Battalion Group as combat-ready for conducting missions, marking a key step in the unit's certification process and its readiness to participate in future NATO-led operations and international deployments. EPA/GEORGI LICOVSKI

NORTH MACEDONIA MILITARY EXERCISE

epa12917311 Members of the Light Infantry Battalion Group of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia take part in the 'Blesok 2026' (Flash 26) military exercise at the Krivolak military training area near Negotino, North Macedonia, 27 April 2026. NATO evaluators assessed the Light Infantry Battalion Group as combat-ready for conducting missions, marking a key step in the unit's certification process and its readiness to participate in future NATO-led operations and international deployments. EPA/GEORGI LICOVSKI

LATVIA EXERCISE

epa12953341 A servicemen participates in the International Mine Countermeasure Exercise ÒOpen Spirit 2026Ó in the Baltic Sea, Latvia, 13 May 2026. The aim of the exercise is to clear shipping lanes and fishing areas of explosive remnants located on the seabed of the Baltic Sea, thereby reducing risks to maritime navigation safety. Nearly 400 military personnel participated in the exercise, together with international naval vessels, including NATO's Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group One (SNMCMG1). SNMCMG1 is one of the Alliance's two multinational maritime units established to conduct mine countermeasure operations and, as part of the NATO Response Force, is capable of carrying out operations anywhere at short notice. EPA/TOMS KALNINS

ROMANIA NATO NAVAL DRILL

epa12846632 The Romanian Navy frigate 'Marasesti' (C) participates in the NATO naval drill 'Sea Shield 26' in the Black Sea, off the coast of Constanta, Romania, 24 March 2026. Over 2,500 troops from Romania and 12 allied NATO countries participate in the multinational Sea Shield 2026 exercise in the Black Sea, from 23 March to 03 April, the largest drill organized by the Romanian Naval Forces this year. EPA/ROBERT GHEMENT

LATVIA EXERCISE

epa12953338 A training underwater mine explodes during International Mine Countermeasure Exercise ÒOpen Spirit 2026Ó in the Baltic Sea, Latvia, 13 May 2026. The aim of the exercise is to clear shipping lanes and fishing areas of explosive remnants located on the seabed of the Baltic Sea, thereby reducing risks to maritime navigation safety. Nearly 400 military personnel participated in the exercise, together with international naval vessels, including NATO's Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group One (SNMCMG1). SNMCMG1 is one of the Alliance's two multinational maritime units established to conduct mine countermeasure operations and, as part of the NATO Response Force, is capable of carrying out operations anywhere at short notice. EPA/TOMS KALNINS

LATVIA NATO

epa12971059 Soldiers with their battle tanks participate in the NATO Iron Spear 2026 in Adazi training ground, Latvia, 18 May 2026. From 15 May to 22 May, the Adazi training ground hosts tank drills with tank crews from Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The exercise is designed to test the rapid response and technical precision of the NATO Multinational Brigade in Latvia, alongside battle groups stationed in neighboring Lithuania and Estonia. EPA/TOMS KALNINS

KEYPIX - GROENLAND NATO MILITAERUEBUNG

KEYPIX - Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GREENLAND NATO MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11873290 A US army soldier handles a Ghost-X drone during the Combined Resolve 25-1 military exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 03 February 2025. The Combined Resolve 25-1, a US Army exercise with NATO Allies and partners, is held from from 17 January to 16 February 2025 at the US Army's Hohenfels training area. Approximately 4,000 participants are involved in the exercise, with Poland's 11th Armoured Cavalry Division operating as the High Command. Exercise is a recurring exercise designed by the U.S. Army Europe - Africa to prepare a multinational brigade for support of NATO deterrence initiatives and overall readiness of Allies and partners in a dynamic security environment. Allied and partner nations participating in Combined Resolve 25-1 are Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11873271 A US army soldier of the 3rd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division operates a Skydio X2 drone during the Combined Resolve 25-1 military exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 03 February 2025. The Combined Resolve 25-1, a US Army exercise with NATO Allies and partners, is held from from 17 January to 16 February 2025 at the US Army's Hohenfels training area. Approximately 4,000 participants are involved in the exercise, with Poland's 11th Armoured Cavalry Division operating as the High Command. Exercise is a recurring exercise designed by the U.S. Army Europe - Africa to prepare a multinational brigade for support of NATO deterrence initiatives and overall readiness of Allies and partners in a dynamic security environment. Allied and partner nations participating in Combined Resolve 25-1 are Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11873266 A US army soldier of the 3rd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division handles a Skydio X2 drone during the Combined Resolve 25-1 military exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 03 February 2025.The Combined Resolve 25-1, a US Army exercise with NATO Allies and partners, is held from from 17 January to 16 February 2025 at the US Army's Hohenfels training area. Approximately 4,000 participants are involved in the exercise, with Poland's 11th Armoured Cavalry Division operating as the High Command. Exercise is a recurring exercise designed by the U.S. Army Europe - Africa to prepare a multinational brigade for support of NATO deterrence initiatives and overall readiness of Allies and partners in a dynamic security environment. Allied and partner nations participating in Combined Resolve 25-1 are Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK ATTENTION: This Image is part of a PHOTO SET

GERMANY NATO MILITARY EXERCISE

epa12540109 Drones by Swarm Defence Techonolies sit on the ground during the NATO drone exercise 'Project Flytrap 4.5' near Oldenburg in Holstein, northern Germany, 21 November 2025. The technology demonstration, which runs from 10 to 21 November, tests ready-to-use counter-drone systems designed to accelerate solutions against rapidly evolving unmanned aerial system (UAS) threats for US and NATO forces. EPA/FILIP SINGER

GREENLAND NATO MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GERMANY DEFENCE NATO EXERCISE

epa11959008 British soldiers of a gun battery attend the Allied Spirit 25 exercise in Hohenfels, Germany, 12 March 2025. Allied Spirit 25 is a recurring exercise taking place at the 7th Army Training Command Joint Multinational Readiness Center and designed to prepare a multinational brigade in support of NATO deterrence initiatives. EPA/HANNIBAL HANSCHKE

LATVIA NATO DEFENCE

epa12514153 Polish Army servicemen of NATO Multinational Brigade Latvia (MNB-LVA) with their tank Leopard 2A participate in military exercise Resolute Warrior in Adazi Military Base, Latvia, 09 November 2025. MNB-LVA conducts exercise Resolute Warrior in Latvia from 02 till 10 November to test and improve its combat capabilities. EPA/TOMS KALNINS

GREENLAND MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in a military exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in the Arctic Ocean in Nuuk, Greenland, Monday, Sept. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GREENLAND MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish warships participate in a military exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in the Arctic Ocean in Nuuk, Greenland, Monday, Sept. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

GREENLAND MILITARY EXERCISE

Danish military forces participate in an exercise with hundreds of troops from several European NATO members in the Arctic Ocean in Nuuk, Greenland, Monday, Sept. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi)

NETHERLANDS NATO DEFENSE

epa12005599 A British Eurofighter jet is refueled over the North Sea by an MRTT aircraft coming from Eindhoven Air Base, Netherlands, 02 April 2025. The flight is part of the NATO exercise Ramstein. EPA/SEM VAN DER WAL

SPAIN NATO

Turkish Navy soldiers take part in the NATO Dynamic Mariner/Flotex-25 naval exercise in Barbate, southern Spain, Friday, March 28, 2025. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue)

ROMANIA NATO DRILL

epa11907690 NATO's Allied Reaction Force (ARF) members take part in the NATO Exercise Steadfast Dart 25 at the Romanian camp in Smardan, near Galati, Romania, 19 February 2025. NATO's largest exercise of 2025 is taking place across Bulgaria, Romania and Greece from 10 to 21 February 2025, deploying approximately 10,000 military personnel from special operations forces, land forces, air forces and naval forces of 9 Allied countries. EPA/ROBERT GHEMENT

GERMANY DEFENSE NATO EXERCISES

epa11888457 Denmark's Leopard 2 tank (back), Switzerland's Leopard 2 (second top), Italy's Ariete tank (second front) and US Army M1A2 SEP V2 (front) take part in the 'US Army Europe and Africa International Tank Challenge' exercise at the military training area in Grafenwoehr, Germany, 11 February 2025. Tank crews from Denmark, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland and the US Army take part in this competing exercise which runs from 07 till 20 February and test competitor's marksmanship skills, physical prowess, and mental agility while engaging in team building competitions. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

SLOVAKIA GERMANY ARMY NATO DEFENSE PATRIOT

epa09937880 A German soldier walks during presentation of how it works at the launching station of NATO's Patriot missile air defense system operated by German army unit Flugabwehrraketengruppe 26 (Air Defense Artillerie) placed at Sliac airbase in Sliac, central Slovakia, 10 May 2022. A Dutch-German air and missile defence forces deployed Patriot system in spring 2022 to reinforce defence capabilities on Eastern NATO border following Russia's military invasion in Ukraine, as mainly military mission is protection of Sliac air base and additional assets. NATO multinational air missile defence task force Slovakia operate on the site with 240 German soldiers and with 130 Dutch soldiers. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

SLOVAKIA NATO DEFENCE PATRIOT

epa09929893 NATO's Patriot missile air defense system is placed at Sliac airbase, during visit of Slovak Defense Minister Jaroslav Nad, German Defence Minister Christine Lambrecht and Dutch Defence Minister Kajsa Ollongren, in Sliac, Slovakia, 06 May 2022. A Dutch-German air and missile defence forces deployed Patriot system in April 2022 to reinforce defence capabilities on Eastern NATO border following Russia's military invasion in Ukraine. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

SLOVAKIA GERMANY ARMY NATO DEFENSE PATRIOT

epa09937884 A German soldier walks at the site of NATO's Patriot missile air defense system operated by German army unit Flugabwehrraketengruppe 26 (Air Defense Artillerie) placed at Sliac airbase in Sliac, central Slovakia, 10 May 2022. A Dutch-German air and missile defence forces deployed Patriot system in spring 2022 to reinforce defence capabilities on Eastern NATO border following Russia's military invasion in Ukraine, as mainly military mission is protection of Sliac air base and additional assets. NATO multinational air missile defence task force Slovakia operate on the site with 240 German soldiers and with 130 Dutch soldiers. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

LITHUANIA NATO SUMMIT

Germany deploy the Patriot long-range air defence system, at Vilnius airport for security, ahead of the NATO summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, Saturday, July 8, 2023. Up to 12,000 officers and soldiers will be responsible for security during the NATO summit in Vilnius on July 11-12. (AP Photo/Mindaugas Kulbis)

SLOVAKIA NATO DEFENCE PATRIOT

epa09929892 NATO's Patriot missile air defense system is placed at Sliac airbase during visit of Slovak Defense Minister Jaroslav Nad, German Defence Minister Christine Lambrecht and Dutch Defence Minister Kajsa Ollongren, in Sliac, Slovakia, 06 May 2022. A Dutch-German air and missile defence forces deployed Patriot system in April 2022 to reinforce defence capabilities on Eastern NATO border following Russia's military invasion in Ukraine. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

ROMANIA US FRANCE NATO DEFENCE MILITARY DRILL

epa10457062 Three M142 HIMARS multiple rocket launchers belonging to Romanian army (L), and one French LRU M270 MLRS rocket launcher (R), fire real rockets during the NATO military exercise 'Eagle Royal 23' held at Capul Midia shooting range, 250 kilometers south-east of Bucharest, Romania, 09 February 2023. About 350 soldiers with 60 military vehicles belonging to the Romanian NATO Battle Group, with France as the host nation, the 8th Tactical Missile Brigade 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' and the 101st Airborne Division of the United States are participating, between February 2 and 10, at the live ammunition artilery firing exercise 'EAGLE ROYAL 23' which takes place at the 'Brigadier General Ion Bungescu' shooting range at the Black Sea, with the aim of testing the inter-operability of artillery systems, as part of a NATO collective defense operation on the South-Eastern flank of the Alliance. EPA/ROBERT GHEMENT

ROMANIA US FRANCE NATO DEFENCE MILITARY DRILL

epa10457011 Three M142 HIMARS multiple rocket launchers belonging to the Romanian army fire live rockets during the NATO military exercise 'Eagle Royal 23' held at Capul Midia shooting range, 250 kilometers south-east of Bucharest, Romania, 09 February 2023. Abut 350 soldiers with 60 military vehicles belonging to the Romanian NATO Battle Group, with France as the host nation, the 8th Tactical Missile Brigade 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' and the 101st Airborne Division of the United States are participating, between February 2 and 10, at the live ammunition artilery firing exercise 'EAGLE ROYAL 23' which takes place at the 'Brigadier General Ion Bungescu' shooting range at the Black Sea, with the aim of testing the inter-operability of artillery systems, as part of a NATO collective defense operation on the South-Eastern flank of the Alliance. EPA/Robert Ghement

ROMANIA US FRANCE MILITARY EXERCISE

A rocket is launched from a HIMARS system during a joint French US exercise involving HIMARS and MLRP rocket launchers at a firing range in Capu Midia, on the Black Sea shore, Romania, Thursday, Feb. 9, 2023. U.S. and French troops that are part of a NATO battlegroup in Romania held a military exercise on Thursday to test the 30-nation alliance's eastern flank defenses, as Russia's full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine nears its one-year anniversary. (AP Photo/Andreea Alexandru)

CZECH REPUBLIC ICELAND DEFENSE NATO

epa12125589 Czech army fighter pilot checks his JAS-39C Gripen aircraft before departure to Iceland from 21st Tactical Air Base in Caslav, Czech Republic, 22 May 2025. Five JAS-39C Gripen aircrafts flew from the Czech base to Iceland, where Czech fighters will guard the airspace within the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System, for an approximately five-week mission. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

CZECH REPUBLIC ICELAND DEFENSE NATO

epa12125622 Czech army fighter pilot in his JAS-39C Gripen aircraft prepares for departure to Iceland from 21st Tactical Air Base in Caslav, Czech Republic, 22 May 2025. Five JAS-39C Gripen aircrafts flew from the Czech base to Iceland, where Czech fighters will guard the airspace within the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System, for an approximately five-week mission. EPA/MARTIN DIVISEK

ROMANIA TURKEY NATO AIR POLICE

A Turkish Air Force pilot gestures from the cockpit of an F-16 military fighter jet before an Air Policing exercise at the Baza 86 military air base, outside Fetesti, Romania, Wednesday, March 6, 2024. (AP Photo/Andreea Alexandru)

ITALY US RUSSIA UKRAINE WAR NATO

US Navy intelligence specialist Lt Cdr Nichoas Lowe sits in his Boeing EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft on the deck of the USS Harry S. Truman carrier cruising in the Mediterranean Sea, Thursday, March 17, 2022. USS Truman aircraft carrier is operating a joint exercise in the central Mediterranean Sea with French and Italian carriers directly supporting NATO enhanced air policing missions and patrolling the Romanian border with Ukraine. (AP Photo/Giuseppe Distefano)

NETHERLANDS NATO DEFENSE

epa12021195 A Dutch F-35 during the NATO Ramstein Flag 2025 (RAFL25) exercise at Leeuwarden Air Base, the Netherlands, 09 April 2025. Hosted by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), the exercise takes place from 31 March to 11 April 2025. EPA/JILMER POSTMA

ESTONIA BRITAIN DEFENCE

epa06375923 A handout photo made available by the British Ministry of Defence (MOD) showing British Royal Air Force (RAF) Typhoon jets from 3 (Fighter) Squadron based at RAF Coningsby on the tarmac in the Estonian Air Force base located in Amari, Estonia, 05 December 2017, (issued 08 December 2017) to conduct exercises with the British led NATO Battlegroup based in Tapa. The MOD state that this deployment is the third time the jets will have conducted training in Estonia, however this time the challenge facing both the pilots and ground crew was to overcome the variety of problems that working in the freezing temperatures poses not only on equipment but also on the individuals operating it and ensuring that everything all goes to plan. EPA/SAC ED WRIGHT RAF / BRITISH MINISTRY OF DEFENCE / HANDOUT MANDATORY CREDIT SAC ED WRIGHT MOD: CROWN COPYRIGHT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

ISLAND ITALIEN NATO MILITAER

epa10036124 Italian Air Force multirole combat aircraft F-35 during defense operation Air Policing Northern Lightning III led by NATO in Keflavik Air Base, Iceland, 26 June 2022 (issued 27 June 2022). For the seventh time the Italian flag was hoisted at the Keflavik air base, where 4 F-35A aircraft of the 32nd Wing of the Italian Air Force parteciped in the operation Air Policing Northern Lightning III. The objective of the mission is to preserve the integrity of NATO's airspace in peacetime by strengthening the surveillance of the skies of Iceland, which does not have its own air defense capabilities, and conducting, in the meantime, joint training activities with the Icelandic Coast Guard and with NATO assets possibly redeployed on the Icelandic grounds. EPA/GIUSEPPE LAMI

NETHERLANDS NATO DEFENSE

epa12005573 British Eurofighter jets fly over the North Sea by after being refueled by an MRTT aircraft coming from Eindhoven Air Base, Netherlands, 02 April 2025. The flight is part of the NATO exercise Ramstein. EPA/SEM VAN DER WAL

ROMANIA TURKEY NATO AIR POLICE

A Turkish airman gestures in front of an F-16 military fighter jet that will take part in an Air Policing exercise at the Baza 86 military air base, outside Fetesti, Romania, Wednesday, March 6, 2024. (AP Photo/Andreea Alexandru)

GREECE MILITARY EXERCISE

Fighter jets fly during the international military exercise Iniochos at Andravida air base, about 279 kilometres (174 miles) southwest of Athens, Tuesday, April 20, 2021. Greece vowed Tuesday to expand military cooperation with traditional NATO allies as well as Middle Eastern powers in a race to modernize its armed forces and face its militarily assertive neighbor Turkey. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)

ITALY DEFENCE

epa10319488 Italian Air Force multirole combat aircraft F35 during exercise Falcon Strike 2022, in Amendola, Italy, 21 November 2022 (issued 22 November 2022). F35s From Italy, U.S. and The Netherlands Train Together during Falcon Strike 2022 an Italian Air Force training exercise which focuses on fifth and fourth-generation integration between NATO Allies operating the advanced F35A Lightning II stealth fighter. During Falcon Strike, Hecker will also host the F35 European Air Chiefs Meeting, which brings together fifth-generation Allies to discuss F35 interoperability, opportunities, and challenges in a dynamic theater. EPA/GIUSEPPE LAMI ITALY OUT

ROMANIA FRANCE NATO

A crew member of a French Navy Atlantique-2 submarine hunter naval airplane observes the sea during a NATO military exercise and sea mines detection mission above the Black Sea, after taking off from the Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base, near the Black Sea port of Constanta, Romania, Wednesday, April 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Nicolae Dumitrache)

ROMANIA FRANCE NATO

A crew member of a French Navy Atlantique-2 submarine hunter naval airplane observes the sea during a NATO military exercise and sea mines detection mission above the Black Sea, after taking off from the Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base, near the Black Sea port of Constanta, Romania, Wednesday, April 9, 2025. (AP Photo/Nicolae Dumitrache)

BRITAIN USA DEFENSE

epa07804031 A handout photo made available by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) on 30 August 2019 shows a United States Air Force B2 Spirit, currently deployed to RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, flying above Dover, United Kingdom, 29 August 2019. For the first time, Royal Air Force F-35 Lightning jets have been conducting integration flying training with the B-2 Spirit stealth bombers of the United States Air Force as part of their deployment to RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, UK. Whilst deployed to the UK the aircraft will conduct a series of training activities in Europe. RAF Fairford routinely hosts deployments and exercises by US strategic aircraft. These regular deployments reinforce the US Air Force Europe and the Royal Air ForceâÄ™s unique and complementary partnership and the collective contribution to NATO. EPA/USAF Major (Exchange Pilot) / HANDOUT Mandatory Credit: All use and/or reproductions shall be aknowledged thus: Photo: Photographers name/MoD Crown Copyright 2018 (e.g. Photo: Cpl Joe Blogs/ © UK MOD Crown Copyright 2019) HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

BRITAIN USA DEFENSE

epa07804026 A handout photo made available by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) on 30 August 2019 shows a United States Air Force B2 Spirit, currently deployed to RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, flying above Dover, United Kingdom, 29 August 2019. For the first time, Royal Air Force F-35 Lightning jets have been conducting integration flying training with the B-2 Spirit stealth bombers of the United States Air Force as part of their deployment to RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, UK. Whilst deployed to the UK the aircraft will conduct a series of training activities in Europe. RAF Fairford routinely hosts deployments and exercises by US strategic aircraft. These regular deployments reinforce the US Air Force Europe and the Royal Air ForceâÄ™s unique and complementary partnership and the collective contribution to NATO. EPA/USAF Major (Exchange Pilot) / HANDOUT Mandatory Credit: All use and/or reproductions shall be aknowledged thus: Photo: Photographers name/MoD Crown Copyright 2018 (e.g. Photo: Cpl Joe Blogs/ © UK MOD Crown Copyright 2019) HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

LITHUANIA NATO EXERCISE

German Air Force helicopters stand on the tarmac during a NATO military exercise 'Griffin Lightning 2025' at the Pajuostis military airfield, some 141km (144 miles) northwest of the capital Vilnius, Lithuania, Tuesday, May 6, 2025. (AP Photo/Mindaugas Kulbis)

LITHUANIA NATO EXERCISE

German Air Force NH90 transport helicopters take off during a NATO military exercise 'Griffin Lightning 2025' at the Pajuostis military airfield, some 141km (144 miles) northwest of the capital Vilnius, Lithuania, Tuesday, May 6, 2025. (AP Photo/Mindaugas Kulbis)

LITHUANIA GERMANY NATO

Eurocopters Tiger of the German Army take part in the Lithuanian-German division-level international military exercise 'Grand Quadriga 2024' at a training range in Pabrade, north of the capital Vilnius, Lithuania on Wednesday, May 29, 2024. 'Grand Quadriga 2024', a wide-scale exercise of the German Bundeswehr that rehearses moving two divisions from the central part of Europe to eastern. Over 3 thousand German troops and military equipment has been moved to Lithuania.(AP Photo/Mindaugas Kulbis)